Table 3.

List of clinical trials with Vitamin E.

Health Status	N.1	Study	Treatment	Efficacy	Ref.
Healthy subjects	9	Prospective cohort study	Vitamin E (as α-tocopherol equivalents)	+	[106]
		Prospective cohort study	Vitamin E	+	[107,108]
		Prospective cohort study	Vitamin E	+	[110]
		Follow-up	Vitamin E	+	[7]
		Cohort study	Vitamin E supplementation with food intake	+	[112]
		Cohort study	Vitamin E	−	[120]
		Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial	Vitamin E alone, vitamin E + other antioxidants	+	[125]
		Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled primary prevention trial	Vitamin E	−	[118]
Healthy subjects (platelet aggregation induction)	2	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial	α-, γ-, δ-tocopherol	+	[114,115]
High cardiovascular risk	1	multicenter, parallel group, randomized controlled clinical trial	Vitamin E	−	[124]
Patients with evidence of vascular disease or diabetes	2	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial	Vitamin E	−	[122,123]
Coronary atherosclerosis	1	Double-blind, placebo-controlled study with stratified randomization	Vitamin E	+	[111]
Patients surviving after recent myocardial infarction (3 months)	1	Multicenter, open-label design, in which patients were randomly allocated	Vitamin E	−	[121]
Postmenopausal women	1	Prospective cohort study Follow-up	Vitamin E	+	[109]
Hemodialysis patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease	1	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial	Vitamin E	+	[113]
Type 2 diabetes	1	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial	Tocotrienols + tocopherols	+	[117]
Metabolic syndrome	1	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial	γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol	+	[116]

Abbreviations: + = cardioprotective effect(s); − = loss of cardioprotective effect(s). ¹ Number of clinical trials examined.