| TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4 |
| MyD88 | myeloid differentiation factor 88 |
| IRAK | IL-1 receptor associated kinase |
| TRAF6 | TNF receptor associated factor 6 |
| TAK1 | TGF beta-Activated Kinase 1 |
| IKKs | inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome ten |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases |
| AKT | v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog |
| p27Kip1 | cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor-kappa B |
| IκBa | inhibitor of NF-κB |
| IL-1β | interleukin-1β |
| iNOS | inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| COX2 | cyclooxygenase 2 |