Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by group
| Characteristics | Total n=1154 | Control group n=387 | Intervention group n=767 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 46.04 (11.78) | 46.6 (12.06) | 45.8 (11.64) | 0.268 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 593 (51.4) | 174 (45.0) | 419 (54.7) | 0.001 |
| Female | 560 (48.6) | 213 (55.0) | 347 (45.3) | |
| Educational level, n (%) | ||||
| No studies | 25 (2.5) | 4 (1.4) | 20 (2.9) | 0.184 |
| Primary education | 326 (32.9) | 102 (34.7) | 223 (32.4) | |
| Secondary education | 387 (39.0) | 105 (35.7) | 279 (40.5) | |
| University | 254 (25.6) | 83 (28.2) | 167 (24.2) | |
| Annual income level, n (%) | ||||
| <€26000 | 669 (69.7) | 191 (65.6) | 478 (71.4) | 0.072 |
| ≥€26000 | 291 (30.3) | 100 (34.4) | 191 (28.6) | |
| Cigarettes/day, mean (SD) | 22.0 (9.5) | 20.6 (8.6) | 22.6 (9.9) | 0.012 |
| Years smoking, mean (SD) | 26.5 (11.9) | 27.1 (12.4) | 26.1 (11.6) | 0.190 |
| Pack-years, mean (SD) | 29.6 (19.9) | 28.6 (18.7) | 30.2 (20.5) | 0.220 |
| Number of previous attempts, mean (SD) | 2.3 (3.1) | 2.2 (2.5) | 2.4 (3.5) | 0.159 |
| FTND, mean (SD)* | 5.4 (2.2) | 5.2 (2.1) | 5.5 (2.3) | 0.035 |
| Previous drug therapy, n (%) | 178 (25.5) | 68 (26.6) | 110 (24.9) | 0.625 |
| Stage of change, n (%) | ||||
| Pre-contemplation | 252 (22.2) | 103 (26.6) | 150 (19.6) | <0.01 |
| Contemplation | 239 (21.1) | 105 (27.1) | 134 (17.5) | <0.01 |
| Preparation | 385 (34.0) | 113 (29.2) | 272 (35.5) | 0.03 |
| Action | 253 (22.3) | 58 (15.0) | 196 (25.5) | <0.01 |
*
FTND: Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence.