Table 2.
Socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics of tobacco/nicotine users by patterns of use within the past 30 days
| Variables | None of the products (N=2652) % (95% CI) | Exclusive cigarette smokers (N=190) % (95% CI) | Waterpipe and/or e-cigarette users (N=244) % (95% CI) | Cigarette and other product users (N=170) % (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (3861) | 81.4 (80.1–82.7) | 5.8 (5.0–6.6) | 7.5 (6.6–8.4) | 5.3 (4.6–6.0) | ||
| Gender χ2=1.425, p=0.700 | Male | A | 81.0 (78.9–83.1) | 5.8 (4.6–7.0) | 8.1 (6.7–9.5) | 5.2 (4.0–6.4) |
| Female | B | 81.9 (78.9–83.9) | 5.9 (4.7–7.1) | 7.0 (5.7–8.3) | 5.2 (4.0–6.4) | |
| School grade χ2=168.063, p=0.000 | 7th, Primary | A | 87.8 (85.8–89.9) BC | 2.5 (1.6–3.4) | 7.5 (5.9–9.1) | 2.2 (1.3–3.1) |
| 8th, Primary | B | 83.7 (81.4–86.0) C | 5.3 (3.9–6.7) A | 6.5 (5.0–8.0) | 4.5 (3.2–5.8) A | |
| 1st, Secondary | C | 68.7 (65.2–72.2) | 11.7 (9.3–14.1) AB | 9.0 (6.9–11.1) | 10.7 (8.4–13.0) AB | |
| Pocket money χ2=141.591, p=0.000 | no pocket money | A | 87.8 (83.1–92.5) C | 2.7 (0.4–5.0) | 7.2 (3.5–10.9) | 2.3 (0.1–2.5) |
| ≤1000 | B | 85.8 (84.2–87.4) C | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 5.6 (4.6–6.6) | 3.6 (2.8–4.4) | |
| >1000 | C | 68.0 (64.5–71.5) | 9.1 (7.0–11.2) AB | 12.7 (10.2–15.2) B | 10.3 (8.0–12.6) AB | |
| Father smoking at home χ2=6.165, p=0.049 | Never | A | 83.2 (81.1–85.3) B | 5.5 (4.2–6.8) | 6.9 (5.5–8.3) | 4.3 (3.2–5.4) |
| Sometimes/about every day | B | 79.9 (77.7–82.1) | 6.0 (4.7–7.3) | 8.2 (6.7–9.7) | 5.8 (4.5–7.1) | |
| Mothers smoking at home χ2=18.112, p=0.000 | Never | A | 83.6 (81.7–85.5) B | 5.5 (4.3–6.7) | 7.0 (5.7–8.3) | 3.8 (2.8–4.8) |
| Sometimes/about every day | B | 78.4 (76.0–80.8) | 6.7 (5.3–8.1) | 8.1 (6.5–9.7) | 6.7 (5.3–8.1) A | |
| Siblings smoking at home χ2=72.646, p=0.000 | Never | A | 83.8 (82.2–85.4) B | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 7.3 (6.2–8.4) | 3.8 (3.0–4.6) |
| Sometimes/about every day | B | 68.8 (64.1–73.5) | 11.4 (8.2–14.6) A | 9.1 (6.2–12.0) | 10.7 (7.6–13.8) A | |
| Number of smokers among closest friends χ2=696.254, p=0.000 | None of them | A | 92.6 (91.2–94.0) BC | 0.7 (0.2–1.2) | 6.0 (4.7–7.3) | 0.7 (0.2–1.2) |
| Some of them | B | 81.8 (79.4–94.0) C | 5.7 (4.3–7.1) A | 8.2 (6.5–7.3) | 4.2 (3.0–5.4) A | |
| Majority (about half and more of them) | C | 49.2 (44.6–53.8) | 20.9 (17.1–24.7) AB | 9.9 (7.1–12.7) A | 20.0 (16.3–23.7) AB | |
| Think tobacco is harmful to their health χ2=73.042, p=0.000 | Yes | A | 83.0 (81.6–84.4) B | 5.8 (4.9–6.7) | 6.6 (5.6–7.6) | 4.6 (3.8–5.4) |
| No | B | 63.6 (57.1–70.1) | 6.8 (3.4–10.2) | 18.0 (12.8–23.2) A | 11.6 (7.2–16.0) A | |
| Smoking helps feel comfortable at social events χ2=31.788, p=0.000 | No difference | A | 84.6 (82.1–87.1) C | 4.7 (3.2–6.2) | 6.4 (4.7–8.1) | 4.3 (2.9–5.7) |
| Less comfortable | B | 84.9 (81.6–88.2) C | 3.6 (1.9–5.3) | 8.7 (6.1–11.3) | 2.7 (1.2–4.2) | |
| More comfortable | C | 78.6 (76.5–80.7) | 7.3 (6.0–8.6) AB | 7.7 (6.3–9.1) | 6.3 (5.0–7.6) B | |
| Hard to quit once someone starts smoking χ2=50.630, p=0.000 | Yes | A | 83.9 (82.4–85.4) B | 5.2 (4.3–6.1) | 7.1 (6.0–8.2) | 3.9 (3.1–4.7) |
| No | B | 73.7 (70.3–77.1) | 8.0 (5.9–10.1) A | 9.0 (6.8–11.2) | 9.3 (7.0–11.6) A | |
| Saw anti-tobacco message χ2=2.294, p=0.514 | Yes | A | 81.4 (79.3–83.5) | 6.4 (5.1–7.7) | 7.1 (5.7–8.5) | 5.1 (3.9–6.3) |
| No | B | 82.0 (80.0–84.0) | 5.3 (4.4–6.5) | 7.6 (6.2–9.0) | 5.1 (4.0–6.2) | |
| Being taught in school about harmful effects of smoking χ2=8.612, p=0.035 | Yes | A | 82.7 (81.0–84.4) B | 5.9 (4.8–7.0) | 7.0 (5.8–8.2) | 4.4 (3.4–5.4) |
| No | B | 79.5 (77.0–82.0) | 5.7 (4.3–7.1) | 8.5 (6.8–10.2) | 6.3 (3.9–6.7) A | |
| Exposed to point of sale marketing χ2=87.943, p=0.000 | No | A | 86.5 (84.8–88.2) B | 4.3 (3.3–5.3) | 6.3 (5.1–7.5) | 2.9 (2.1–3.7) |
| Yes | B | 74.3 (71.7–76.9) | 7.9 (6.3–9.5) A | 9.2 (7.5–10.9) A | 8.6 (7.0–10.2) A | |
| Having tobacco industry item χ2=145.474, p=0.000 | No | A | 84.5 (83.1–85.9) B | 5.0 (4.1–5.9) | 6.6 (5.6–7.6) | 3.8 (3.0–4.6) |
| Yes | B | 60.1 (54.5–65.7) | 12.0 (8.3–15.7) A | 12.5 (8.7–16.3) A | 15.4 (11.3–19.5) A | |
For each pair of smoking categories, proportions (for each row) are compared using a z-test with significance level at 0.05. If a pair of values is significantly different, the values have different letters assigned to them.