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. 2019 Sep 12;20(18):4528. doi: 10.3390/ijms20184528

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Compares the expression of fibrinogen in plasma between normal (N) and WD patient by immunoblots. 2-DE western blot shows the different type of fibrinogen (α, β and γ) with a specific reactive antihuman antibody. (B) Immunohistochemical analysis of fibrinogen in the normal part of liver (N) and WD cirrhotic liver are observed under microscope. The hepatocytes were showing obvious staining of fibrinogen in WD patients as black arrows indicate while great amount of inflammatory cells were observed in WD samples as demonstrated by red arrows. However, faint staining of fibrinogen in hepatocytes was found in normal liver sample. (C) Changes of fibrinogen level in plasma from clinical subjects with WD, blood-stasis, hepatic fibrosis and healthy donors. Each sample was analyzed in triplicate with specific antibody of fibrinogen in dot blot assay. These results were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and fibrinogen significantly expressed in patients’ plasma with Wilson’s disease (*** p < 0.0001).

(A) Compares the expression of fibrinogen in plasma between normal (N) and WD patient by immunoblots. 2-DE western blot shows the different type of fibrinogen (α, β and γ) with a specific reactive antihuman antibody. (B) Immunohistochemical analysis of fibrinogen in the normal part of liver (N) and WD cirrhotic liver are observed under microscope. The hepatocytes were showing obvious staining of fibrinogen in WD patients as black arrows indicate while great amount of inflammatory cells were observed in WD samples as demonstrated by red arrows. However, faint staining of fibrinogen in hepatocytes was found in normal liver sample. (C) Changes of fibrinogen level in plasma from clinical subjects with WD, blood-stasis, hepatic fibrosis and healthy donors. Each sample was analyzed in triplicate with specific antibody of fibrinogen in dot blot assay. These results were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and fibrinogen significantly expressed in patients’ plasma with Wilson’s disease (*** p < 0.0001).