Table 3.
Response frequency of dietary components included in the PREDIMED (PREvention with MEDiterranean Diet) questionnaire of 200 adult females with obesity included in the study divided according to blunted GH peak or IGF-1 SDS.
| Questions PREDIMED Questionnaire | Blunted GH Peak 1 n = 123, (61.5%) |
Normal GH Peak 2 n = 77, (35.8%) |
χ2, p-Value | IGF-1 Deficiency 3 n = 142, (71.0%) |
IGF-1 Sufficiency 4 n = 58, (29.0%) |
χ2, p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EVOO as main culinary lipid | 57, 46.3% | 54, 70.1% | 9.71, 0.002 | 75, 52.8% | 36, 62.1% | 1.08, 0.299 |
| EVOO >4 tablespoons | 27, 22.0% | 22, 28.6% | 0.79, 0.373 | 32, 22.5% | 17, 29.3% | 0.069, 0.407 |
| Vegetables ≥2 servings/day | 34, 27.6% | 32, 41.6% | 3.54, 0.059 | 41, 28.9% | 25, 43.1% | 3.16, 0.076 |
| Fruits ≥3 servings/day | 32, 26.0% | 48, 62.3% | 24.53, <0.001 | 46, 32.4% | 34, 58.6% | 10.73, 0.011 |
| Red/processed meats <1/day | 54, 43.9% | 43, 55.8% | 2.25, 0.134 | 65, 45.8% | 32, 55.2% | 1.10, 0.293 |
| Butter, cream, margarine <1/day | 52, 42.3% | 26, 33.8% | 1.11, 0.293 | 56, 39.4% | 22, 37.9% | 0.01, 0.969 |
| Soda drinks <1/day | 39, 31.7% | 30, 39.0% | 0.81, 0.369 | 40, 28.2% | 29, 50.0% | 7.75, 0.001 |
| Wine glasses ≥7/week | 33, 26.8% | 21, 27.3% | 0.01, 0.925 | 37, 26.1% | 17, 29.3% | 0.09, 0.768 |
| Legumes ≥3/week | 56, 45.5% | 47, 61.0% | 3.96, 0.046 | 70, 49.3% | 33, 56.9% | 0.67, 0.412 |
| Fish/seafood ≥3/week | 20, 16.3% | 45, 58.4% | 36.51, <0.001 | 9, 6.3% | 26, 96.6% | 148.69, <0.001 |
| Commercial sweets and confectionery ≤2/week | 50, 40.7% | 39, 50.6% | 1.54, 0.216 | 55, 38.7% | 34, 58.6% | 5.82, 0.016 |
| Tree nuts ≥3/week | 16, 13.0% | 15, 19.5% | 1.06, 0.303 | 20, 14.1% | 11, 19.0% | 0.42, 0.516 |
| Poultry more than red meats | 51, 41.5% | 39, 50.6% | 1.27, 0.261 | 63, 44.4% | 27, 46.6% | 0.02, 0.900 |
| Use of sofrito sauce ≥2/week | 61, 49.6% | 38, 49.4% | 0.01, 0.911 | 69, 48.6% | 30, 51.7% | 0.06, 0.806 |
| PREDIMED categories | ||||||
| Low adherence to the Mediterranean Diet | 95, 77.2% | 32, 41.6% | 24.49, <0.001 | 107, 75.4 | 20, 34.5% | 27.94, <0.001 |
| Average adherence to the Mediterranean Diet | 27, 22.0% | 33, 42.9% | 8.89, 0.001 | 34, 23.9 | 26, 44.8% | 7.59, 0.006 |
| High adherence to the Mediterranean Diet | 1, 0.8% | 12, 15.6% | 14.66, 0.001 | 1, 0.7 | 12, 20.7% | 23.88, <0.001 |
1 GH peak response after GHRH + ARG was classified as blunted when GH peak was ≤4.2 mg/L, and 2 sufficient when GH peak was ≥4.2 mg/L. 3 IGF-1 levels were classified as deficient (IGF-1 deficiency) when the SDS from the mean was <−2 for age and gender, and 4 sufficient when the SDS ranged from >−2 to 2.24.