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. 2019 Sep 5;11(9):2113. doi: 10.3390/nu11092113

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Lycopene increases apoptotic indices (apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio). The cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of lycopene for 24 h. (A) The levels of AIF, total and cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9, Bax, and Bcl-2 in whole-cell extracts were examined by Western blot analysis. Actin was served as a loading control. (B) The level of Bax was compared to that of Bcl-2 and expressed as the percentage density ratio. The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 for untreated cells was set as 1. * p < 0.05 versus the cells treated with a vehicle tetrahydrofuran without lycopene (“none”).