| 3-NT | 3-nitrotyrosine |
| AGEs | advanced glycation end products |
| dHDL | direct high-density lipoprotein |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| DHE | dihydroethidium |
| DR | diabetic retinopathy |
| GLUT | glucose transporter |
| HbA1c | glycated hemoglobin A1c |
| LECs | lens epithelial cells |
| NADPH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NOX4 | NADPH oxidase 4 |
| RAGE | receptor for advanced glycation end products |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SGLT2 | sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 |
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