Table 2.
Concentrations of free amino acids (FAAs) in serum and liver.
| Serum (μM) | Liver (μg/g Tissue) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTL | 5% | 20% | P-Value | CTL | 5% | 20% | P-Value | |
| Ala | 209.35 ± 33.23 | 236.3 ± 86.33 | 235.01 ± 44.69 | 0.599 | 210.22 ± 34.46 | 222.46 ± 35.82 | 186.01 ± 39.50 | 0.154 |
| Arg * | 189.76 ± 47.01 ab | 169.36 ± 66.64 a | 251.15 ± 43.27 b | 0.037 | 4.42 ± 0.16 a | 4.58 ± 0.09 a | 4.94 ± 0.21 b | <0.001 |
| Asn | 59.06 ± 14.85 | 63.24 ± 37.03 | 66.88 ± 32.66 | 0.872 | 23.02 ± 5.69 | 23.60 ± 5.22 | 22.25 ± 4.77 | 0.875 |
| Asp | 16.18 ± 2.60 ab | 19.06 ± 4.15 b | 14.06 ± 1.83 a | 0.012 | 58.09 ± 9.40 a | 73.69 ± 19.44 b | 55.07 ± 16.09 ab | 0.051 |
| Cit | 63.85 ± 15.44 ab | 59.09 ± 27.04 a | 87.03 ± 18.62 b | 0.032 | 5.56 ± 3.09 a | 4.02 ± 0.96 b | 9.31 ± 2.13b | 0.000 |
| Gln | 624.04 ± 87.01 | 612.60 ± 115.57 | 655.91 ± 69.84 | 0.632 | 1025.03 ± 226.17 | 1078.73 ± 388.07 | 976.34 ± 247.78 | 0.789 |
| Glu | 88.73 ± 12.19 | 101.84 ± 23.28 | 76.75 ± 16.16 | 0.065 | 354.49 ± 95.59 | 437.33 ± 121.75 | 310.89 ± 130.99 | 0.114 |
| Gly | 302.98 ± 47.69 a | 325.65 ± 55.44 ab | 383.40 ± 77.11 b | 0.044 | 276.28 ± 61.80 | 266.79 ± 58.33 | 233.65 ± 37.91 | 0.272 |
| His * | 97.93 ± 17.58 | 104.71 ± 33.91 | 97.46 ± 28.02 | 0.840 | 102.56 ± 15.82 | 101.49 ± 35.32 | 93.93 ± 17.81 | 0.322 |
| Ile/Leu * | 120.65 ± 24.04 | 139.01 ± 43.68 | 151.53 ± 46.01 | 0.306 | 45.04 ± 11.34 | 50.70 ± 26.84 | 46.06 ± 10.59 | 0.601 |
| Lys * | 542.26 ± 90.24 a | 405.56 ± 63.32 b | 439.35 ± 72.62 b | 0.006 | 100.18 ± 27.85 | 98.27 ± 38.28 | 94.53 ± 21.71 | 0.930 |
| Met * | 25.54 ± 7.03 a | 35.83 ± 17.73 ab | 41.96 ± 11.76 b | 0.050 | 14.10 ± 3.35 | 13.71 ± 2.74 | 13.99 ± 3.95 | 0.972 |
| Orn | 143.29 ± 31.78 a | 155.24 ± 46.54 ab | 166.18 ± 43.12 b | 0.545 | 43.31 ± 15.75 | 36.58 ± 11.81 | 38.26 ± 11.44 | 0.574 |
| Phe * | 89.85 ± 20.86 | 99.04 ± 36.21 | 108.95 ± 22.25 | 0.393 | 30.97 ± 6.57 | 37.04 ± 16.30 | 34.94 ± 7.93 | 0.857 |
| Pro | 125.51 ± 34.56 | 154.58 ± 82.08 | 164.88 ± 42.78 | 0.376 | 50.92 ± 23.48 | 52.92 ± 19.28 | 50.95 ± 16.47 | 0.974 |
| Ser | 198.01 ± 30.60 | 210.75 ± 69.02 | 209.04 ± 52.15 | 0.873 | 41.01 ± 7.28 | 41.97 ± 17.28 | 44.76 ± 13.58 | 0.845 |
| Tau | 774.51 ± 99.48 a | 698.40 ± 114.27 a | 564.45 ± 61.28 b | 0.001 | 2844.17 ± 336.96 a | 2682.88 ± 451.51 b | 2358.50 ± 274.23 b | 0.036 |
| Thr * | 182.54 ± 39.22 a | 127.68 ± 50.76 b | 136.21 ± 25.90 ab | 0.026 | 44.70 ± 11.74 | 45.95 ± 11.41 | 41.53 ± 11.64 | 0.738 |
| Try * | 136.90 ± 19.45 | 142.41 ± 20.01 | 121.20 ± 37.15 | 0.776 | 18.08 ± 2.33 | 18.56 ± 4.01 | 17.10 ± 2.45 | 0.626 |
| Tyr | 121.85 ± 24.15 | 140.49 ± 44.45 | 153.90 ± 46.08 | 0.599 | 59.20 ± 15.25 | 65.52 ± 36.55 | 58.84 ± 14.24 | 0.827 |
| Val * | 242.94 ± 46.19 | 276.93 ± 112.46 | 270.08 ± 78.47 | 0.695 | 68.63 ± 18.98 | 77.47 ± 31.43 | 60.94 ± 14.85 | 0.369 |
| Total | 4376.13 ± 460.59 | 4298.71 ± 895.25 | 4451.39 ± 580.96 | 0.902 | 5245.86 ± 483.405 | 5404.06 ± 1108.41 | 4610.51 ± 713.365 | 0.142 |
Values are means ± SEM. P-values indicate overall significances across all sample groups from the one-way ANOVA test. Means with different superscripts (a or b) indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) from the Tukey post hoc test. *: Essential amino acids.