Table 2:
Cord blood klotho and child characteristics (n = 73).
| Variable | Population mean ± standard deviation or n/total | Cord blood klotho levels mean ± standard deviation, pg/mL | ρ; p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Child birth characteristics | |||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39.2 ± 1.3 | −0.01; p = 0.37 | |
| <40 | 49/72 (68.1) | 2792.4 ± 1204.6 | |
| ≥40 | 23/72 (31.9) | 2943.9 ± 1783.8 | 0.63 |
| Gestational age (weeks) tertiles | |||
| <39 | 17/72 (23.6) | 3212.8 ± 1351.4 | |
| 39–39.8 | 26/72 (36.1) | 2568.1 ± 962.2 | |
| >39.8 | 29/72 (40.3) | 2867.2 ± 1725.3 | 0.23 |
| Apgar score at 5 min | 8.9 ± 0.4 | ||
| <9 | 7/72 (9.7) | 2253.1 ± 680.5 | |
| ≥9 | 65/72 (90.3) | 2904.1 ± 1450.0 | 0.21 |
| Child sex | |||
| Female | 39/73 (53.4) | 2799.6 ± 1402.5 | |
| Male | 34/73 (46.6) | 2939.8 ± 1435.2 | 0.51 |
| Birth anthropometries | |||
| Birth weight, g | 3390.8 ± 469.8 | −0.07; p = 0.55 | |
| Macrosomic at birth (≥4000 g) | |||
| No | 67/72 (93.1) | 2858.6 ± 1442.7 | |
| Yes | 5/72 (6.9) | 2602.5 ± 764.8 | 0.97 |
| Underweight (<2500 g) or preterm (<37 weeks) | |||
| No | 68/72 (94.4) | 2898.6 ± 1417.2 | |
| Yes | 4/72 (5.6) | 1858.6 ± 674.1 | 0.07 |
| Birth weight percentile | 54.3 ± 24.9 | 0.04; p = 0.74 | |
| <50% | 36/72 (50.0) | 3036.8 ± 1713.2 | |
| ≥50% | 36/72 (50.0) | 2644.8 ± 993.1 | 0.79 |
| Birth weight for length below 5% | |||
| No | 64/72 (88.9) | 2902.3 ± 1473.5 | |
| Yes | 8/72 (11.1) | 2349.0 ± 387.2 | 0.39 |
| Head circumference percentile (tertiles) | 34.2 ± 1.3 | −0.05; p = 0.67 | |
| <27% | 23/72 (31.9) | 2819.6 ± 1495.5 | |
| 27%−50% | 27/72 (37.5) | 3034.1 ± 1576.6 | |
| >50% | 22/72 (30.6) | 2625.6 ± 1072.4 | 0.70 |
| Cord blood hormones | |||
| Cord blood glucose tertiles, mg/dL | 80.8 ± 2.9 | −0.01; p = 0.97 | |
| <72 | 18/56 (32.1) | 2879.5 ± 376.2 | |
| 72–87 | 19/56 (33.9) | 3079.9 ± 251.8 | |
| >87 | 19/56 (33.9) | 2773.9 ± 329.0 | 0.50 |
| Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) tertiles (pg/mL) | 29,841.8 ± 20,540.4 | 0.02; p = 0.87 | |
| <17,600 | 24/72 (33.3) | 2905.3 ± 1720.1 | |
| 17,600–35,120 | 24/72 (33.3) | 2863.1 ± 1342.0 | |
| >35,120 | 24/72 (33.3) | 2814.6 ± 1205.5 | 0.90 |
| Ghrelin tertiles (pg/mL) | 39.1 ± 22.3 | 0.15; p = 0.53 | |
| <22 | 6/20 (30.0) | 2372.4 ± 769.0 | |
| 22–45 | 7/20 (35.0) | 3093.0 ± 2189.9 | |
| >45 | 7/20 (35.0) | 2569.7 ± 816.4 | 0.88 |
| Insulin tertiles (pg/mL) | 968.4 ± 555.1 | −0.17; p = 0.16 | |
| <750 | 21/66 (31.8) | 3324.9 ± 1661.3 | |
| 750–1060 | 22/66 (33.3) | 2754.1 ± 1107.9 | |
| >1060 | 23/66 (34.8) | 2718.2 ± 1501.6 | 0.30 |
| Leptin tertiles (pg/mL) | 22,559.1 ± 18,368.4 | −0.21; p = 0.10 | |
| <11,200 | 21/63 (33.3) | 3359.2 ± 1769.6 | |
| 11,200–27,000 | 21/63 (33.3) | 3211.7 ± 1465.9 | |
| >27,000 | 21/63 (33.3) | 2353.7 ± 809.2 | 0.06 |
| PYY tertiles (pg/mL) | 324.6 ± 119.9 | 0.05; p = 0.67 | |
| <265 | 20/66 (30.3) | 2598.7 ± 1096.9 | |
| 265–350 | 23/66 (34.8) | 3290.9 ± 1743.1 | |
| >350 | 23/66 (34.8) | 2837.7 ± 1356.3 | 0.56 |
| Early childhood anthropometries | |||
| Obesity in early childhood | |||
| 6 months (yes) | 9/70 (12.9) | 2413.8 ± 700.1 | |
| No | 61/70 (87.1) | 2909.5 ± 1493.6 | 0.46 |
| 12 months (yes) | 9/64 (14.1) | 2679.8 ± 809.4 | |
| No | 55/64 (85.9) | 2932.7 ± 504.2 | 0.85 |
| 24 months (yes) | 6/61 (9.8) | 2908.6 ± 1115.6 | |
| No | 55/61 (90.2) | 2958.9 ± 1497.0 | 0.81 |