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. 2019 Sep 12;11(9):2198. doi: 10.3390/nu11092198

Table 1.

Sample characteristics for total sample and by study.

Total Sample (n = 592) Study 1 (n = 113) Study 2 (n = 239) Study 3 (n = 240)
Trait Anxiety 31.4 ± 7.1 34.1 ± 6.8 * 30.5 ± 6.6 31.0 ± 7.4
LOC a presence (%) 36.6 100 * 29.4 12.3 *
Female (%) 61.8 100 * 50.6 55.0
Non-Hispanic White (%) 53.5 60.2 55.6 48.3
Black or African American (%) 29.1 23.9 33.1 27.5
Age (y) 13.1 ± 2.7 14.5 ± 1.7 * 12.8 ± 2.8 12.7 ± 2.8
Fat Mass (%) 29.8 ± 11.0 36.5 ± 5.1 * 27.1 ± 12.6 29.3 ± 9.7
BMIz b 0.9 ± 1.1 1.5 ± 0.3 * 0.9 ± 1.2 0.6 ± 1.1
Fasting Leptin (ng/mL) 15.7 ± 14.9 23.1 ± 9.5 * 13.7 ± 15.3 14.2 ± 15.5

a Loss of control (LOC); b body mass index z-score (BMIz); * p < 0.01; Note: All data are presented as mean (M) ± standard deviation (SD) unless otherwise noted.