Table 1.

Characteristics of study groups

S. no	Characteristic	Controls (n = 40)	No DR (n = 38)	NPDR (n = 38)	PDR (n = 40)
1.	Age (years) (mean ± SD)	52.95 ± 7.49	52.11 ± 5.84	55.21 ± 4.78	53.58 ± 6.87
2.	Gender
	Male	26	24	26	25
	Female	14	14	12	15
3.	Duration of diabetes in years (mean ± SD)	0	7.16 ± 6.04	10.26 ± 5.82	11.08 ± 4.55
4.	Glycated Hb (%) (mean ± SD)	5.35 ± 0.1	7.42 ± 0.19	8.48 ± 0.28	8.90 ± 0.18
5.	Central subfield thickness (mean ± SE)	247.9 ± 2.6	251.7 ± 4.3	304.7 ± 22.5	455.9 ± 19.36
6.	S. urea (mg/dl)	33.26 ± 0.8	38.03 ± 2.1	37.96 ± 0.9	39.89 ± 1.1
7.	S. creatinine (mg/dl)	0.96 ± 0.01	1.12 ± 0.02	1.11 ± 0.02	1.61 ± 0.01