Table 1:

Mean Costs, Hospital Volume, Patient and Market Characteristics in 1991 and 2002 by CON status

	CABG
	Dropped CON in 1995-1998			Kept CON
	1991	2002	% change 1991-2002	1991	2002	% change 1991-2002
Cost per patient	48310	27148	−43.8	46265	28822	−37.7
Annual hospital volume	343	265	−22.7	308	319	3.5
Age	72.016	74.583	3.6	72.199	74.215	2.8
Female	0.355	0.365	2.8	0.351	0.353	0.6
Income, (patient’s zipcode)	23314	24997	7.2	24465	26013	6.3
Black	0.024	0.028	16.7	0.034	0.055	61.8
Other nonwhite race	0.053	0.020	−62.3	0.046	0.029	−37.0
Transferred from other hospital	0.260	0.195	−25.0	0.212	0.193	−9.0
Admitted from ER	0.153	0.196	28.1	0.193	0.191	−1.0
Emergency admission	0.304	0.282	−7.2	0.303	0.263	−13.2
Urgent admission	0.285	0.235	−17.5	0.268	0.275	2.6
Same day PCI	0.015	0.008	−46.7	0.014	0.007	−50.0
Same day cardiac cath	0.059	0.066	11.9	0.065	0.070	7.7
Prior balloon angioplasty	0.019	0.021	10.5	0.011	0.020	81.8
Principal diagnosis of AMI	0.113	0.205	81.4	0.139	0.203	46.0
HIV and AIDS	0.000	0.000	0.0	0.000	0.000	0.0
Alcohol abuse	0.003	0.004	33.3	0.002	0.006	200.0
Rheumatoid arthritis	0.006	0.009	50.0	0.005	0.009	80.0
Anemia deficiency	0.024	0.051	112.5	0.025	0.051	104.0
Blood loss	0.006	0.009	50.0	0.007	0.010	42.9
Congestive heart failure	0.021	0.038	81.0	0.020	0.035	75.0
Chronic pulmonary disease	0.078	0.091	16.7	0.071	0.092	29.6
Coagulation deficiency	0.004	0.008	100.0	0.004	0.009	125.0
Depression	0.004	0.021	425.0	0.005	0.019	280.0
Diabetes w/o chronic comp	0.127	0.143	12.6	0.110	0.140	27.3
Diabetes w/ chronic comp	0.035	0.026	−25.7	0.039	0.027	−30.8
Drug abuse	0.000	0.000	0.0	0.000	0.001	N.A.
Hypertension	0.210	0.302	43.8	0.197	0.304	54.3
Hypothyroidism	0.018	0.045	150.0	0.015	0.043	186.7
Liver disease	0.001	0.002	100.0	0.001	0.003	200.0
Lymphoma	0.001	0.002	100.0	0.001	0.002	100.0
Fluid and electrolyte disorders	0.052	0.057	9.6	0.057	0.059	3.5
Metastatic cancer	0.001	0.002	100.0	0.002	0.002	0.0
Other neurological disorders	0.008	0.011	37.5	0.007	0.012	71.4
Obesity	0.013	0.025	92.3	0.011	0.023	109.1
Paralysis	0.003	0.005	66.7	0.003	0.006	100.0
Peripheral vascular disease	0.052	0.061	17.3	0.046	0.064	39.1
Psychoses	0.002	0.005	150.0	0.002	0.004	100.0
Pulmonary circ disorders	0.000	0.003	N.A.	0.000	0.002	N.A.
Renal failure	0.012	0.023	91.7	0.012	0.023	91.7
Solid tumor w/o metastasis	0.006	0.010	66.7	0.005	0.009	80.0
Chronic peptic ulcer disease	0.001	0.001	0.0	0.001	0.000	−100.0
Valvular disease	0.014	0.032	128.6	0.012	0.026	116.7
Weight loss	0.001	0.003	200.0	0.001	0.003	200.0
New Post-CON Facility	0.000	0.139	N.A.	0.000	0.000	0.0
Ln(Labor Costs)	0.004	−0.025	−725.0	−0.019	−0.008	−57.9
HMO penetration	0.165	0.240	45.5	0.146	0.232	58.9
Hospital Market Concentration	0.444	0.364	−18.0	0.488	0.450	−7.8
N	21,863	77,982		21,881	92,104
	PCI
	Dropped CON in 1995-1998			Kept CON
	1991	2002	% change 1991-2002	1991	2002	% change 1991-2002
Cost per patient	18294	12342	−32.5	18235	12711	−30.3
Annual hospital volume	268	468	74.5	279	605	117.2
Age	71.918	75.007	4.3	72.158	74.781	3.6
Female	0.437	0.433	−0.9	0.433	0.430	−0.7
Income, (patient’s zipcode)	23202	25037	7.9	24504	26038	6.3
Black	0.030	0.037	23.3	0.039	0.063	61.5
Other nonwhite race	0.046	0.022	−52.2	0.045	0.030	−33.3
Transferred from other hospital	0.248	0.189	−23.8	0.205	0.191	−6.8
Admitted from ER	0.207	0.276	33.3	0.246	0.272	10.6
Emergency admission	0.356	0.351	−1.4	0.356	0.343	−3.7
Urgent admission	0.297	0.271	−8.8	0.267	0.299	12.0
Coronary stent insertion	0.000	0.864	N.A.	0.000	0.857	N.A.
Principal diagnosis of AMI	0.200	0.281	40.5	0.220	0.275	25.0
HIV and AIDS	0.000	0.000	0.0	0.000	0.000	0.0
Alcohol abuse	0.002	0.004	100.0	0.003	0.005	66.7
Rheumatoid arthritis	0.008	0.012	50.0	0.008	0.013	62.5
Anemia deficiency	0.026	0.062	138.5	0.026	0.062	138.5
Blood loss	0.007	0.010	42.9	0.006	0.010	66.7
Congestive heart failure	0.015	0.046	206.7	0.014	0.047	235.7
Chronic pulmonary disease	0.071	0.111	56.3	0.076	0.114	50.0
Coagulation deficiency	0.003	0.011	266.7	0.005	0.012	140.0
Depression	0.006	0.031	416.7	0.006	0.027	350.0
Diabetes w/o chronic comp	0.114	0.156	36.8	0.108	0.159	47.2
Diabetes w/ chronic comp	0.033	0.031	−6.1	0.036	0.030	−16.7
Drug abuse	0.000	0.001	N.A.	0.001	0.001	0.0
Hypertension	0.220	0.347	57.7	0.208	0.353	69.7
Hypothyroidism	0.023	0.057	147.8	0.019	0.054	184.2
Liver disease	0.001	0.003	200.0	0.001	0.003	200.0
Lymphoma	0.001	0.002	100.0	0.001	0.002	100.0
Fluid and electrolyte disorders	0.054	0.067	24.1	0.059	0.071	20.3
Metastatic cancer	0.003	0.003	0.0	0.002	0.003	50.0
Other neurological disorders	0.009	0.017	88.9	0.009	0.017	88.9
Obesity	0.019	0.029	52.6	0.013	0.028	115.4
Paralysis	0.004	0.006	50.0	0.003	0.008	166.7
Peripheral vascular disease	0.042	0.069	64.3	0.038	0.069	81.6
Psychoses	0.004	0.005	25.0	0.003	0.006	100.0
Pulmonary circ disorders	0.000	0.002	N.A.	0.000	0.003	N.A.
Renal failure	0.013	0.028	115.4	0.011	0.028	154.5
Solid tumor w/o metastasis	0.006	0.012	100.0	0.005	0.012	140.0
Chronic peptic ulcer disease	0.002	0.000	−100.0	0.001	0.001	0.0
Valvular disease	0.006	0.019	216.7	0.007	0.020	185.7
Weight loss	0.001	0.005	400.0	0.001	0.004	300.0
New Post-CON Facility	0.000	0.166	N.A.	0.056	0.057	1.8
Ln(Labor Costs)	0.003	−0.029	−1066.7	−0.026	−0.007	−73.1
HMO penetration	0.165	0.238	44.2	0.140	0.232	65.7
Hospital Market Concentration	0.390	0.347	−11.0	0.499	0.449	−10.0
N	16,693	62,798		37,062	177,355