Table 1.
Selected publications on imaging for tumor staging in muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer
| Tumor staging | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modality | Author/date [refs] | n | Accuracy % | Overstaging % |
Understaging % |
Sensitivity % | Specificity % | Comments |
| CT | Tritschler (2012) [6] | 276 | 49 | 23.4 | 24.7 | NR | NR | |
| CT | Blick (2012) [7] | 778 | NR | NR | NR | 95 | 83 | |
| CT | Wang (2010) [8] | 44 | 96.4 | NR | NR | 97.7 | 95.9 | |
| FDG PET/CT | Lodde (2010) [9] | 44 | NR | NR | NR | PET/CT 85 CT 77 | PET/CT 25 CT 50 | |
| MRI | Ghafoori (2013) [10] | 86 | NR | 54.5 | 45.5 | 93 | 94 | Figures are for differentiating organ-con-fined from nonorgan-confined tumors |
| MRI | Liedberg (2013) [11] | 53 | NR | 48.9 | 12.7 | NR | NR | |
| MRI (DWI cf T2WI) | Wu (2013) [12] | 362 | 90–95 DWI | NR | NR | 83–88 DWI | 91–96 DWI | Figures are for differentiating Tis and T2 from T3 and T4 tumors |
| 83–92 T2WI 93–99 DWI and T2WI |
72–85 T2WI 87–92 DWI and T2WI |
85–94 T2WI 94–100 DWI and T2WI |
||||||
| MRI | Rajesh (2011) [13] | 100 | 63 | NR | NR | 90.5 | 60 | Figures are for differentiating organ confined (≤T2) from non organ confined (≥T3) tumors |