Table 2.
Selected publications on imaging for staging of lymph node metastases in muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer
| Lymph nodes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modality | Author/date [refs] | n | Accuracy % |
Overstaging % |
Understaging % |
Sensitivity % | Specificity % | Comments |
| CT | Tritschler (2012) [6] | 276 | 54 | 8.3 | 29.4 | NR | NR | |
| FDG PET/CT | Jeong (2015) [14] | 61 | NR | PET/CT 3.3 CT 6.6 | PET/CT 26.2 CT 21.3 | PET/CT 47.1 CT 29.4 | PET/CT 93.2 CT 97.7 | |
| [11C] Choline PET-/CT | Brunocilla (2014) [15] | 26 | NR | NR | NR | PET/CT 42 CT 14 | PET/CT 84 CT 89 | Patient-based analysis |
| [18F] FDG PET-CT cf CT & PET | Goodfellow (2014) [16] | 233 | PET 82 CT 83 PET + CT 87 | NR | NR | PET 46 CT 46 PET/CT 69 | PET 97 CT 98 PET/CT 95 | |
| FDG PET/CT | Hitier-Berthault (2013) [17] | 52 | PET/CT 65.4 CT 55.7 | NR | NR | PET/CT 36.4 CT 9.1 | PET/CT 86.7 CT 90 | |
| [11C] Choline PET-/CT | Maurer (2011) [18] | 44 | PET/CT 91 CT 90 | NR | NR | PET/CT 28 CT 39 | PET/CT 95 CT 92 | Identification of involved lymph nodes |
| FDG PET/CT | Lodde (2010) [9] | 44 | NR | NR | NR | PET/CT 57 CT 33 | PET/CT 100 CT 100 | |
| FDG PET/CT | Swinnen (2010) [19] | 51 | PET/CT 84 CT 80 | NR | NR | PET/CT 46 CT 46 | PET/CT 97 CT 92 | |
| [11C] Choline PET-CT | Ceci (2015) [20■] | 59 | 81 | NR | NR | 59 | 90 | |
| MRI (DW and USPIO) | Birkhauser (2013) [21] | 75 | NR | NR | NR | 65–75 | 93–96 | |
| MRI (DW & USPIO) | Thoeny (2009) [22] | 21 | 90 | NR | NR | 80 | 73 | |
| MRI (DGE) | Daneshmand (2012) [23] | 122 | 80.3 | NR | NR | 40.7 | 91.5 | |
| MRI (DW) | Papalia (2011) [24] | 36 | NR | NR | NR | 76.4 | 89.4 | |