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. 2019 Sep 24;9:949. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00949

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Copyright © 2019 Garva, Thepmalee, Yasamut, Sudsaward, Guazzelli, Rajendran, Tongmuang, Khunchai, Meysami, Limjindaporn, Yenchitsomanus, Mutti, Krstic-Demonacos and Demonacos.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The effect of SIRT1 silencing on LC3 and Beclin-1 protein levels. (A) U2OS, (B) Mero-14, or (C) REN cells were transfected with either scrambled siRNA or SIRT1 siRNA and treated with rotenone, etoposide, or resveratrol or left untreated as indicated. Protein levels were analyzed using antibodies specific for the LC3 and Beclin-1 autophagy markers. Actin was used as a loading control and LC3II/LC3I ratio was calculated. Representative Western blot is shown. Image J was used for quantification. Values are normalized to actin and then to control. Error bars represent standard error of the mean of three independent experiments. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparisons post-test were used for the analysis of data. p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. p < 0.001 is indicated with (***), p < 0.01 with (**), and p < 0.05 with (*).