Table 1.
Experimental evidence of asporin expression in human malignancies.
| Cancer types | Asporin expression | Cell lines/models | Outcome | Clinical functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | Up-regulation in tumor stroma | NBF/CAF cells MCF-7/T47D/ZR751/SKBR3/BT-474/MB-231/MB-468/BT-549/MCF-10A cell lines NOD-SCID mouse model |
Inhibiting EMT transition, and stemness in vitro
Reducing growth and metastasis in vivo |
(+) good outcome (+) increased overall survival |
(52) |
| Breast cancer | Up-regulation in tumor stroma and tumor cells | CAF cells Hs578T/MDA-MA-231/BT549/T47D cell lines PyMT mouse model |
Promoting invasion in vitro | (+) better relapse free survival in low-grade patients (+) worse relapse free survival in high-grade patients |
(50, 51) |
| Prostate cancer | Up-regulation in tumor stroma and blood | CAF/EPF/PrSC cells PC-3/LNCaP cell lines p53 null mouse model |
(+) aggressive prostate cancer (+) neuroendocrine marker expression |
(+) higher biochemical recurrence (+) higher Gleason score (+) reactive stroma |
(41, 49) |
| Prostate cancer (asporin D13/14 or D14) |
Up-regulation in tumor stroma | CAF cells WPMY1/PC3 cell lines NSG mouse model |
(+) distant lymph nodes (+) distant organ metastasis |
(+) worse metastasis free survival (+) lymph node involvement (+) higher Gleason score |
(22) |
| Gastric cancer | Up-regulation in tumor stroma | NF/CAF cells 44As3/GES/SGC-7901/BGC-823/AGS/MKN45/N87 cell lines BALB/c nude mouse model |
Promoting survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro
Promoting invasion in vivo |
(+) worse overall survival (+)worse disease-free survival |
(39, 47, 48, 61) |
| Colorectal cancer | Up-regulation in tumor stroma and tumor cells | CAF cells HCT-8/RKO/HT-29/LoVo /Caco2 /HCT116/SW1116/ SW480/RKO/SW620 cell lines BALB/c nude mouse model |
Promoting EMT transition, cell viability, migration, invasion, and endothelial tube formation in vitro
Promoting liver metastasis in vivo |
(+) higher TNM stage (+) lymph node involvement (+) worse overall survival (+) worse disease-free survival |
(45, 46) |
| Pancreas cancer | Up-regulation in tumor stroma | PSC/CAF cells AsPC-1/BxPC-3/MIA PaCa-2/PANC-1 cell lines Nude mouse model |
Promoting EMT transition, migration, and invasion in vitro
Promoting tumor invasion in vivo |
(+) worse overall survival | (44) |
EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; TNM, TNM classification of malignant tumors; EPF, fetal prostate fibroblasts; PrSC, primary prostate stromal cells; CAF, cancer associated fibroblast; PSC, pancreatic stellate cells.