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. 2019 Jun 24;1450(1):249–267. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14109
Sanitation
Improved Unimproved Open defecation
  • Flush or pour‐flush to:

    •  Piped sewer system

    •  Septic tank

    •  Pit latrine

  • Ventilation improved pit (VIP) latrine

  • Pit latrine with slab

  • Composting toilet

  • Latrine with manual flush

  • Ecosan

  • Flush or pour‐flush to elsewhere (i.e., not to piped sewer system, septic tank, or pit latrine)

  • Pit latrine without slab or open pit

  • Bucket/pan toilet

  • Hanging toilet or hanging latrine

  • Shared or public facilities of any type

  • Dry toilet

  • Other

  • No facilities

  • Yard

  • Bush

  • Field or forest

Drinking water
Improved Unimproved Surface water
  • Piped water into dwelling, yard, or plot

  • Public tap or standpipe

  • Tube well or borehole

  • Protected spring

  • Protected dug well

  • Rainwater collection

  • Unprotected dug well

  • Unprotected spring

  • Cart with small tank or drum

  • Tanker truck

  • Bottled water

  • Other

  • River

  • Dam

  • Lake

  • Pond

  • Stream

  • Canal

  • Irrigation channel