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. 2019 Jun 20;28(8):1086–1096. doi: 10.1002/pds.4836

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© 2019 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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A‐F, Six‐monthly prevalence (per 10 000) of codeine for the treatment of pain in children 0‐11 y in (A) France^a, (B‐D) Germany^a, (E) Spain, and (F) the United Kingdom. (A) IMS® France (top left corner). (B) IMS® Germany GP (middle top). (C) IMS® Germany PAED (top right corner). (D) IMS® Germany ENT (bottom left corner). (E) BIFAP (middle bottom). (F) CPRD (bottom right corner) ENT = ear, nose, and throat practice, GP = general practice, IMS® = IMS® Disease Analyzer, PAED = paediatric practice. ^aOwn calculations, based on IMS® Disease Analyzer (France, Germany) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]