Table 3.
Joinpoint analyses of six‐monthly prescribing trends of codeine for treatment of pain in children 0‐11 y
| No. of Joinpoints | Joinpoint Location (Lower CL, Upper CL) | Slope | Annual Percent Change (Lower CL, Upper CL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BIFAP | 0 | NA | 1 | −16.6 (−21.7, −11.3) |
| CPRD | 1 | 2013 H1 (2012 H1 − 2013 H2) |
1 2 |
2.7 (−1.1, 6.6) −14.7 (−21.3, −7.6) |
| IMS® Francea | 1 | 2012 H2 (2012 H1 − 2013 H2) |
1 2 |
5.3 (−0.3, 11.2) −32.8 (−39.3, −25.6) |
| IMS® Germany GPa | 0 | NA | 1 | −5.4 (−8.5, −2.2) |
| IMS® Germany PAEDa | 0 | NA | 1 | −3.8 (−7.7, 0.2) |
| IMS® Germany ENTa | 0 | NA | 1 | −10.4 (−16.9, −3.3) |
Note. A log linear joinpoint regression model was selected. Significant annual percent changes are highlighted in bold.
Abbreviations: CL, 95% confidence limit; ENT, ear, nose, and throat practice; GP, general practice; IMS®, IMS® Disease Analyzer; NA, not applicable; PAED, paediatric practice; H1, January to June; H2, July to December.
a
Own calculations, based on IMS® Disease Analyzer (France, Germany).