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. 2019 Jun 13;13(8):1316–1330. doi: 10.1002/term.2876

Table 1.

Summary of results from dACM and HSAM grafts

Observed Response dACM HSAM
Composition Significantly higher levels of bFGF and IGF‐I per cm2 compared with HSAM Contains growth factors relevant to tendon repair
Release Similar levels of growth factors released in vitro
Proliferation Increases of up to 3.5‐fold Increases of up to 2.2‐fold
Migration (Boyden chamber) Increases of up to 2.27‐fold Increases of up to 6.02‐fold
Migration (scratch assay) No changes observed compared with control Significant increase in closure compared with control
ECM expression Significant increases in collagen III, tenascin C, and VEGF expression Significant decreases in collagen I, tenascin C, and VEGF expression
ECM production Significant increases to soluble collagen production No significant increases compared with controls
Response to TNF‐α and IL‐1β Overall decreased TGF‐β1 production Overall decreased TGF‐β1 production
Overall increased MMP‐1 production Overall decreased MMP‐1 production
Tenocyte interactions Cell attachment, without infiltration Cell attachment with cell infiltration and remodeling

Abbreviations: bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; dACM, dehydrated amnion/chorion membrane; ECM, extracellular matrix; HSAM, hypothermically stored amniotic membrane; IGF‐I, insulin‐like growth factor I; IL‐1β, interleukin 1 beta; MMP‐1, matrix metalloprotease‐1; TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.