Table 1.
Expected costs and QALYs per screening and management strategy
| Strategy | Cost (95% CI) | QALY (95% CI)a | ICER | NMB (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selective ultrasound + expectant | 2821 (2409–3236) | 27.441 (27.262–27.621) | — | 546 007 (542 803–549 204) |
| Selective ultrasound + induction | 2826 (2412–3242) | 27.446 (27.267–27.626) | 904 | 546 098 (542 890–549 298) |
| Selective ultrasound + planned CS | 2833 (2436–3230) | 27.417 (27.244–27.588) | Dominated | 545 501 (542 424–548 561) |
| Universal ultrasound + expectant | 2933 (2502–3366) | 27.441 (27.261–27.621) | Dominated | 545 884 (542 695–549 070) |
| Universal ultrasound + induction | 2939 (2506–3374) | 27.448 (27.268–27.628) | 52 719 | 546 028 (542 829–549 214) |
| Universal ultrasound + planned CS | 2955 (2549–3360) | 27.396 (27.224–27.565) | Dominated | 544 956 (541 919–547 978) |
NMB, net monetary benefit.
Options ordered from lowest to highest expected cost. ICERs calculated beginning with least expensive option, and comparing with next most expensive, non‐dominated option; a policy was dominated/extended‐dominated if any other policy or weighted average of two policies was associated with both lower costs and higher QALYs. Net monetary benefit (NMB) was calculated using a WTP threshold of £20,000; higher NMB value means greater cost‐effectiveness. Option with the highest expected net monetary benefit highlighted in bold. All costs and NMB are given in pounds sterling (£).
a
The maximum QALYs for two people over 20 years, discounted at 3.5%, is 29.42.