Table 1.

Some model characteristics

Variable	Value	Reference
Annual fertility rate	Max. 75% (maximum value)	McGowan et al. (2014)—northern forest region (includes Wambiana)
Gestation time	39 weeks	Konandreas and Anderson (1982)
Gender probability at birth	0.5	Konandreas and Anderson (1982)
Calving interval	1 year	Hunt et al. (2014)—seasonal mating assumption—northern beef industry
Age at first calving	2–3 yo	O'Reagain and Bushell (2011)
Annual abortion rate	8%	McGowan et al. (2014)—northern forest region (includes Wambiana—foetal/calf loss = 14%)
Annual mortality rate	Calves (0–0.5 yo): 6% Others (>0.5 yo): 3% (minimum value)	McGowan et al. (2014)—northern forest region (includes Wambiana)—foetal/calf loss = 14% Hunt et al. (2014)—assumptions for Charters Towers case study, near Wambiana
Average annual animal liveweight for the different cohorts in the model (vary by seasons in the model)	Calves (0–0.5 yo): 156 kg Steer (0.5–1 yo): 162 kg Steer (1–2 yo): 323 kg Steer (2–3 yo): 474 kg Steer (3+ yo): 567 kg Bull (1+ yo): 680 kg Female (0.5–1 yo): 153 kg Female (1–2 yo): 288 kg Female (2–3 yo): 416 kg Female (3+ yo): 459 kg	National Inventory (Commonwealth of Australia, 2016a)—average weight for Queensland, moderate/low region (includes Wambiana)

Abbreviation: yo, years old.