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. 2019 Jul 18;28(9):1819–1828. doi: 10.1002/pon.5154

Table 2.

Bivariate and multivariate correlates of depression and anxiety symptoms

Depression Symptomsa Anxiety Symptomsa
Characteristic Bivariate Model Multivariate Model Bivariate Model Multivariate Model 1 Multivariate Model 2
β P value β P value β P value β P value β P value
R2 = 0.236 R2 = 0.367 R2 = 0.344
Age at baseline 0.002 0.804 0.003 0.707 −0.001 0.890 0.004 0.545 0.004 0.547
Marital status
Married or living with partner −0.072 0.584 −0.072 0.627 −0.155 0.270 −0.211 0.139 −0.194 0.169
Single REF REF REF REF REF
Months since diagnosis −0.012 0.623 −0.023 0.364 −0.015 0.550 −0.027 0.274 −0.026 0.287
Stage
0 REF REF REF REF REF
1 −0.224 0.293 −0.406 0.124 −0.137 0.545 −0.201 0.429 −0.148 0.553
2 −0.119 0.476 −0.408 0.078 0.085 0.633 −0.051 0.819 −0.082 0.708
3 −0.195 0.315 −0.667 0.017 0.120 0.563 −0.112 0.674 −0.073 0.782
Surgery
Mastectomy −0.029 0.828 0.240 0.167 0.189 0.182 0.321 0.056 0.300 0.070
Lumpectomy REF REF REF REF REF
Adjuvant breast cancer treatment
Both radiation and chemotherapy 0.190 0.332 0.654 0.009 −0.051 0.806 0.161 0.499 0.125 0.594
Only radiation 0.006 0.978 0.194 0.387 −0.271 0.220 −0.076 0.726 −0.084 0.692
Only chemotherapy −0.019 0.936 0.340 0.209 −0.191 0.439 −0.027 0.916 −0.091 0.723
Neither radiation and chemotherapy REF REF REF REF REF
History of depression
Pre‐diagnosis history of depression 0.268 0.117 0.169 0.342 0.360 0.048 0.243 0.158 0.272 0.111
No history of depression REF REF REF REF REF
Intrusive thoughts (continuous)b 0.024 0.001 0.022 0.008 0.047 <0.001 0.094 <0.001 0.134 <0.001
Social support (continuous)c
Emotional/informational support −0.167 0.014 −0.111 0.273 −0.119 0.102 0.028 0.771 0.023 0.812
Tangible support −0.124 0.025 −0.061 0.416 −0.161 0.006 0.083 0.396 −0.070 0.330
Affectionate support −0.116 0.060 0.113 0.339 −0.210 0.001 −0.126 0.268 0.129 0.363
Positive social interaction −0.127 0.027 −0.052 0.630 −0.139 0.024 0.090 0.384 0.091 0.375
Interaction termsd
Emotional support × intrusive thoughts ns ns ns
Tangible support × intrusive thoughts ns −0.013 0.034 ns
Affectionate support × intrusive thoughts ns ns −0.022 0.005
Positive social interaction × intrusive thoughts ns ns ns

Note. Significant P values are listed in bold.

a

Brief Symptom Inventory‐18 with two scales assessing anxiety and depression symptoms30; response options were 0 (not at all), 1 (a little bit), 2 (moderately), 3 (quite a bit), or 4 (extremely); scale scores were calculated as the mean of the nonmissing items, with a possible range of 0 to 4; higher scores = more psychological distress.

b

7‐item Intrusive Thoughts Scale, a subscale of the Revised Impact of Event Scale; response options were 0 (not at all), 1 (rarely), 2 (sometimes), and 3 (often), and using the published scoring algorithm, responses were recoded to 0, 1, 3, and 5 and summed for a total score with a possible range = 0 to 35, with higher scores = more intrusive thoughts.24

c

19‐item Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey with four scales assessing emotional/informational, tangible, affectionate, and positive interaction support26; scales were scored as the mean of nonmissing items with a possible range of 1 to 5; higher scores = more support.

d

ns = Interaction terms that were not significant at the multivariate level and were dropped from the final multivariate models.