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. 2019 Oct 1;14(10):e0221537. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221537

Table 5. LS-mean (± SEM) fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations of elephants in relation to categorical demographic and management variables from final GEE models.

Variable		N	FGM (ng/g)
Sex
	Male	18	56.5±2.42^b
	Female	66	47.7±1.87^a
Work Type
	Observation	4	67.4±5.03^c
	Riding with a saddle	22	46.8±2.46^ab
	Riding bareback	37	53.4±2.55^bc
	No riding	19	59.9±3.41^c
	Show	2	33.2±4.86^a
Rest Day
	Shed	47	52.7±2.55^ab
	Open area	30	46.7±2.07^a
	Tree	7	57.0±3.42^b
Rest Night
	Shed	38	57.9±3.52^ab
	Open area	21	59.4±3.43^b
	Enclosure	14	50.5±3.53^ab
	Forest	8	43.6±2.99^a
	Tree	3	49.3±4.84^ab

^a,b,cDifferent letters indicate significant differences within each variable category (P < 0.05).