Table 6. Univariate and multivariable GEE analyses of stereotypic behaviors, BCS, FS, and WS associated with mean (± SEM) fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations of elephants in each category.

Variable		N	Univariate analysis			Multivariable analysis
			Estimate	SE	P value	Estimate	SE	P value
Stereotype
	Yes	21	Reference
	No	63	6.900	1.980	0.001	7.812	2.076	<0.001
Body condition score
	3		Reference
	2		-2.500	5.240	0.633	-4.952	4.722	0.294
	4		2.820	2.440	0.247	2.474	2.442	0.311
	5		5.130	2.770	0.064	3.836	2.862	0.180
Foot health score
	0		Reference
	1		-1.880	2.251	0.404	-2.151	2.283	0.346
	2		-5.599	2.499	0.025	-7.141	2.610	0.006
	3		0.349	10.237	0.973	0.953	2.590	0.907
Wound score
	0		Reference
	1		0.778	2.731	0.776	2.041	2.650	0.441
	2		7.359	3.946	0.062	8.428	3.912	0.031

SE = Standard error

Variables having a P value < 0.15 at the univariate analysis were included in the multivariable analysis.