Table 2.
Association of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation guidelines with population‐level viral suppression among people on ART
| Percentage of people on ART with viral suppression | ||
|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| ART initiation guidelines | ||
| Initiation at CD4 count ≤ 350 cells/μL | Reference | Reference |
| Initiation at CD4 count ≤ 500 cells/μL | 17.6 (−4.06 to 39.3) | 15.1* (1.18–29.0) |
| Initiation at any CD4 count (test‐and‐treat) | 26.9** (7.99–45.9) | 15.8* (2.39–29.1) |
| Per 1% increase in GDP per capita (≈$927) | 9.95* (0.71–19.2) | |
| Per $1000 increase in health care expenditure per capita | 1.66 (−2.79 to 6.12) | |
| Per 1 SD increase in HIV prevalence (SD = 0.17%) | 0.20 (−4.99 to 5.38) | |
| Region | ||
| EU/EEA | Reference | |
| Eastern Europe and Central Asia | −2.71 (−21.4 to 16.0) | |
| Number of countries | 30 | 30 |
| R 2 | 0.335 | 0.648 |
A constant was included in all models but is not shown. 95% confidence intervals are shown in brackets. Model 1: unadjusted; model 2: adjusted for level of economic development, HIV prevalence, subregion and public health care expenditure.
EU/EEA, European Union and European Economic Area; SD, standard deviation.
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.