Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participantsa
| Baseline characteristics | Overall (n = 1811) | Without incident CVD (n = 1534) | With incident CVD (n = 277) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age in y, mean (SD) | 74.1 (2.4) | 74.1 (2.4) | 74.2(2.5) | 0.36 |
| Sex, male (%) | 717 (39.6) | 588 (38.3) | 129 (46.6) | 0.01 |
| Educational level, no. (%) | ||||
| <7 y | 392 (21.8) | 330 (21.5) | 62 (22.4) | 0.39 |
| 7‐12 y | 1169 (65.1) | 1000 (65.2) | 169 (61.0) | |
| >12 y | 235 (13.1) | 193 (12.6) | 42 (15.2) | |
| Caucasian, no. (%) | 1741 (97.8) | 1474 (96.1) | 267 (96.4) | 0.11 |
| Traditional cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| SBP in mm Hg, mean (SD) | 155.6 (20.6) | 154.9 (20.2) | 158.9 (22.2) | 0.01 |
| Total cholesterol in mmol/L, mean (SD) | 5.51 (1.04) | 5.52 (1.03) | 5.42 (1.12) | 0.16 |
| HDL‐cholesterol in mmol/L, mean (SD) | 1.56 (0.42) | 1.57 (0.42) | 1.50 (0.40) | 0.01 |
| Type 2 diabetes, no. (%) | 302 (16.7) | 236 (15.4) | 66 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking, no. (%) | 214 (11.8) | 161 (10.5) | 53 (19.1) | <0.001 |
| Additional cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| LDL cholesterol in mmol/L, mean (SD) | 3.35 (2.74‐3.95) | 3.36 (2.75‐3.95) | 3.23 (2.63‐3.93) | 0.23 |
| C‐reactive protein (CRP), mg/L, median (IQR) | 2.00 (1.00‐4.00) | 2.00 (1.00‐3.50) | 2.00 (1.00‐4.00) | 0.03 |
| Circulating apolipoproteins A1 (g/L), mean (SD) | 1.51 (0.29) | 1.52 (0.29) | 1.46 (0.28) | <0.001 |
| Circulating apolipoproteins B (g/L), mean (SD) | 1.00 (0.25) | 1.00 (0.25) | 1.00 (0.26) | 0.96 |
| Apolipoprotein E gene variants, no. (%) | ||||
| Ɛ2 ‐ Ɛ2 | 7 (0.4) | 5 (0.3) | 2 (0.7) | 0.89 |
| Ɛ2 ‐ Ɛ3 | 237 (13.1) | 202 (13.2) | 35 (12.6) | |
| Ɛ3 ‐ Ɛ3 | 890 (49.1) | 759 (49.5) | 131 (47.3) | |
| Ɛ3 ‐ Ɛ4 | 365 (20.2) | 311 (20.3) | 54 (19.5) | |
| Ɛ4 ‐ Ɛ4 | 35 (1.9) | 31 (2.0) | 4 (1.4) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.3 (4.3) | 27.34 (4.3) | 27.36 (4.2) | 0.93 |
| Polypharmacy (≥5 medicine), no. (%) | 378 (20.9) | 299 (19.5) | 79 (28.5) | <0.001 |
| Use of antihypertensive(s), no (%) | 760 (42.0) | 625 (40.7) | 135 (48.7) | 0.01 |
| Family history of CVDb, no. (%) | 262 (14.5) | 217 (14.1) | 45 (16.2) | 0.40 |
| Physically active (WHO), no. (%) | 1587 (89.7) | 1347 (87.8) | 240 (86.6) | 0.33 |
| Symptoms of apathy (GDS3A), no. (%) | ||||
| 0 | 1042 (57.7) | 906 (59.1) | 136 (49.1) | 0.01 |
| 1 | 484 (26.8) | 402 (26.2) | 82 (29.6) | |
| 2 | 199 (11.0) | 160 (10.4) | 39 (14.1) | |
| 3 | 80 (4.4) | 61 (4.0) | 19 (6.9) | |
Population without a history of CVD. Percentages reflect the proportion within participants with available information. The following variables had missing data (n): educational level (15), caucasian (30), SBP (2), total cholesterol (34), HDL (32), current smoking (2), LDL (34), CRP (60), apolipoprotein A1 (117), apolipoprotein B (117), APO E gene variants (277), BMI (1), use of antihypertensive(s) (6), physically active (41),symptoms of apathy (6).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GDS3A, three apathy items on the 15‐item geriatric depression scale; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; WHO, World Health Organization.
Based on non‐imputed data.
Family history of CVD in first‐degree relatives before the age of 60.