Melanopsin differs from other human opsins.A, Structure of melanopsin gene. The 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of exons 1 and 10, respectively, are indicated inwhite. B, Comparison of human melanopsin, rhodopsin (Nathans and Hogness, 1984), blue cone opsin (Nathans et al., 1986), red and green cone opsins (Nathans et al., 1986), RGR (Shen et al., 1994), peropsin (Hui et al., 1997), and encephalopsin (Blackshaw and Snyder, 1999) ORFs. Portions of the ORFs corresponding to the transmembrane domains are shown in white and are labeled. Positions of introns are indicated (▾), and the respective chromosomal locations are displayed to the right.