Fig. 9.
Dose–response curve of PACAP and VIP on glial glutamate transporter expression. Third passage glia were maintained for 72 hr with the indicated PACAP or VIP concentrations and analyzed by immunoblotting for GLT-1 (A) and GLAST (B) expression levels. In each lane 5 μg of total protein was loaded. Loading of the gels was controlled by additionally staining the blots with actin antiserum. The experiment was repeated three times with similar results. Note that different PACAP concentrations are required to promote GLT-1 and GLAST expression. Further note that, in contrast to PACAP, VIP is less potent in inducing glial glutamate transporter expression.