Fig. 5.

Averaged time course data of all voxels within each ROI. Signal changes in ACC and left and right PO/PI under each of the PS, NPS-u, and NPS-c conditions were averaged across all subjects. The vertical dotted line indicates the time of the stimulus presentation. Transient signal increase after the stimulus (stimulus effect) and gradual signal increase before the stimulus (prestimulus effect) are observed in all ROIs under all conditions. In all ROIs, the stimulus effects are highest in PS and higher in NPS-u compared with NPS-c condition.