Fig. 7.

Effect of point mutations introduced into the NF-kB and AP-1 elements. Point mutations were introduced into putative binding sites of the ACT IL-1/TNF response element as described in Materials and Methods. Human astrocytes were transfected with either pΔ5ACTCAT, p(mut5′)ACTCAT, p(mut3′)ACTCAT, p(dm)ACTCAT, p(mutAP)ACTCAT, p(mut5′+AP) ACTCAT, p(mut3′+AP)ACTCAT, or p(muttriple)ACTCAT, and β-galactosidase expression vector as internal control for transfection efficiency. One day after transfection, cells were stimulated with indicated cytokines, cultured for another 24 hr, and harvested. CAT activities were normalized to β-galactosidase activities (cpm/unit × 10⁻³).