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Group mean phase shifts (± SEM).DD, Control condition in which lights were turned out 6 hr before the usual time of dark onset. SD, 3 hr sleep deprivation, beginning 6 hr before the usual time of dark onset.SD+WL, 3 hr sleep deprivation with home cage running wheel locked for 6 hr. 1hr SD, 1 hr sleep deprivation beginning 6 hr before the usual time of dark onset. *p < 0.05 versus DD; **p < 0.05 versus DD and 3hr SD.
