Table 1.

Treatment, dose, and number of rats used in each condition

Treatment	Time (hr)
	1            3             6            12
	Veh/treated	Veh/treated	Veh/treated	Veh/treated
rrTNF-α, i.c.v. (150 ng/10 μl for 2 min)	3 /5	3 /5	3 /5	3 /5
LPS, i.p. (2.5 mg/kg, b.w.)	3 /4	3 /4	3 /4	3 /3
rrTNF-α, i.v. (4.1 μg/kg, b.w.)	3 /4	3 /4	3 /4	–

		Time (hr)
		2	6
Veh, i.c.v. (5 μl for 2 min)/Veh, i.p. (300 μl)		3	3
Veh, i.c.v. (5 μl for 2 min)/LPS, i.p. (1.5 mg/kg, b.w.)		5	5
Ab, i.c.v. (2 μg/5 μl for 2 min)/Veh, i.p. (300 μl)		5	5
Ab, i.c.v. (2 μg/5 μl for 2 min)/LPS, i.p. (1.5 mg/kg, b.w.)		5	5
Goat IgG (5 μl for 2 min)/Veh, i.p. (300 μl)		2	2
Goat IgG (5 μl for 2 min)/LPS, i.p. (1.5 mg/kg, b.w.)		2	2

rrTNF-α: catalog

510 RT, lot number AGM017071, R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN); LPS, bacterial endotoxin from Escherichia coli, serotype 055:B5, Sigma (St. Louis, MO) L-2880, lot number 114H4022; Veh, sterile pyrogen-free saline; Ab, anti-rTNF-α neutralizing antibody, catalog

AF-510-NA, lot number X1028051, R & D Systems; Goat IgG: normal goat serum, catalog

S-1000, Vector Laboratories Burlingame, CA.