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. 2019 Sep 26;9(9):e028628. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028628

Table 2.

Included primary studies characteristics

Study Study type Participants Intervention Control Medication adherence assessment Long-term condition Follow-up (months) Medication adherence results Quality
Number Mean age Male % Education (≥high school %) Name Number Type of care
Allam et al 40 RCT 155 57.96 54.1 76.1 ONESelf 40 Usual care Prescription Opioid Misuse Index Rheumatoid arthritis 4 Positive Moderate
Chrischilles et al 38 RCT 1075 72.3 43.2 98.7 Iowa PHR 273 Usual care Self-reported At least one 12 No difference Moderate
DeVito Dabbs et al 48 RCT 201 62 55.2 94 Pocket PATH Not stated Usual care Health habits survey LTRs 12 Positive High
Fioravanti et al 45 RCT 51 Not stated Not stated Not stated METABO system 25 Usual care Self-reported Diabetes (all types) 1 Positive Moderate
Glaser et al 41 RCT 221 Not stated 58.4 72 PACE Not stated Usual care Lab results At least one 9 Positive High
Glasgow et al 37 RCT 332 61.4 95 86 My Path to Health Life Not stated Enhanced usual care Hill-Bone scale Diabetes type 2 12 No difference Moderate
Grant et al 47 RCT 244 Not stated 51 Not stated DM PHR 118 Usual care Medication initiation or dosage adjustment Diabetes type 2 12 Positive High
Lakshminarayana 65 RCT 201 60.3 60.7 Parkinson’s Tracker 90 Usual care MMAS-8 PD 4 Positive Moderate
Luque et al 43 RCT 29 48 55 69 MyMedical n/a Usual care Self-reported HIV 2 Positive Moderate
Mira et al 66 RCT 99 71.9 55.5 Not stated ALICE 48 Usual care MMAS-4 At least one 11 Positive Moderate
Perera et al 44 RCT 28 46 93 Not stated Not named 11 Usual care MARS, pharmacy dispensing records and lab tests HIV 3 Positive Moderate
Riva 67 RCT 51 47.5 49 76.4 ONESelf 24 Usual care Prescription Medication Use and perception of risk instrument CBP 5 Positive High
Tang 68 RCT 415 53.7 60 94.3 PHCP 213 Usual care Diabetes control Diabetes type 2 12 Positive High
Westergaard et al 42 Qualitative 19 49.3 63 74 mPeer2Peer Not stated Usual care Self-reported HIV n/a Positive Moderate
Zettl et al 49 Cohort study 669 38.4 29 28 BETAPATH 330 Paper-based PDA Number of injections per study interval MS 24 Positive Moderate

CBP, chronic back pain; LTRs, lung transplant recipients; MS, multiple sclerosis; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PDA, personal digital assistant; RCT, randomised controlled trial.