. 2019 Sep 27;9(9):e030670. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030670

Table 3.

Paired sample t-test comparing pretraining and post-training for each item and total attitude score

Items	Pretraining	Post-training	95% CI for mean difference	t
Items	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	95% CI for mean difference	t
1. A patient’s chance of quitting smoking increases if the healthcare provider advises him/her to quit.	3.85 (0.89)	4.52 (0.67)	0.54 to 0.79	10.62^**
2. Patients want you to advise them to stop using any tobacco products. Healthcare providers like you should…	3.59 (0.86)	4.34 (0.75)	0.61 to 0.88	11.05^**
3.Get specific training on smoking cessation counselling techniques.	4.56 (0.60)	4.72 (0.57)	0.06 to 0.27	3.20^*
4.Set a good example for their patients and public by not using any tobacco products.	4.64 (0.58)	4.75 (0.55)	0.01 to 0.20	2.20^*
5.Routinely ask patients/clients about tobacco use.	4.38 (0.66)	4.69 (0.59)	0.19 to 0.42	5.39^**
6.Routinely ask parents/guardians about tobacco use during paediatric visits.	4.29 (0.74)	4.61 (0.70)	0.22 to 0.45	5.23^**
7.Routinely advise patients/clients who use any tobacco products to quit.	4.49 (0.65)	4.72 (0.59)	0.12 to 0.33	4.24^**
8.Routinely assist patients using any tobacco products to quit.	4.52 (0.64)	4.71 (0.60)	0.08 to 0.29	3.42^*
Total attitude scores	34.32 (4.12)	37.04 (3.92)	2.07 to 3.37	8.24^**

*p< 0.05, **p< 0.001.

Attitude items were measured by using a 5-point Likert Scale: strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), neither disagree/agree (3), agree (4) and strongly agree (5) with a total maximum score of 40.