Table 4.
Paired sample t-test comparing pretraining and post-training for each item and total self-efficacy score
| Items | Pretraining mean (SD) |
Post-training mean (SD) |
95% CI for mean difference | t |
| 1.I know appropriate questions to ask my patients. | 3.78 (0.84) | 4.45 (0.60) | 0.55 to 0.78 | 11.32** |
| 2.I am able to motivate my patients who are interested in quitting smoking. | 3.85 (0.81) | 4.40 (0.62) | 0.43 to 0.66 | 9.47** |
| 3.I am able to assist patients to quit even if the patient thinks that it is difficult to give up. | 3.68 (0.81) | 4.27 (0.65) | 0.47 to 0.71 | 9.73** |
| 4.I have the pharmacological therapy skills to assist patients to quit smoking. | 3.35 (1.06) | 4.15 (0.87) | 0.65 to 0.94 | 10.57** |
| 5.I have the behavioural therapy skills to assist patients to quit smoking. | 3.28 (0.96) | 4.14 (0.72) | 0.71 to 1.01 | 11.57** |
| 6.I can advise patients to consider smoking cessation. | 4.14 (4.14) | 4.50 (0.56) | 0.26 to 0.47 | 6.67** |
| 7.I can provide counselling when time is limited. | 3.18 (0.97) | 3.89 (0.94) | 0.55 to 0.85 | 9.32** |
| 8.I can counsel patients who are not interested in quitting. | 3.31 (0.94) | 4.05 (0.82) | 0.60 to 0.89 | 10.12** |
| 9.I know how to prescribe medication (nicotine replacement therapy/bupropion) to treat tobacco dependency. | 2.93 (1.26) | 3.81 (1.07) | 0.69 to 1.05 | 9.56** |
| 10.I can assess patient’s different stages of readiness to quit smoking. | 3.50 (0.96) | 4.17 (0.75) | 0.53 to 0.79 | 9.89** |
| 11.I can assess patient’s level of nicotine dependency using the Fagerstrom test. | 3.43 (1.21) | 4.30 (0.86) | 0.70 to 1.03 | 10.35** |
| 12.I can use Smokerlyzer to determine patient’s carbon monoxide level. | 2.63 (1.34) | 4.28 (1.07) | 1.43 to 1.86 | 15.11** |
| 13.I can assist recent quitters to learn how to cope with situations or triggers that might lead them to relapse to using tobacco. | 3.37 (1.02) | 4.28 (0.70) | 0.76 to 1.06 | 11.86** |
| Total self-efficacy scores | 40.31 (8.61) | 54.67 (7.45) | 13.14 to 15.58 | 23.22** |
*p< 0.05, **p< 0.001.
Self-efficacy items were measured by using a 5-point Likert Scale from certainly not (1), probably not (2), neutral (3), probably (4) and certainly (5), with a total maximum score of 65.