Table 1.
Cognitive assessment measures
| Domain | Measure | Description | Cohort |
| Intelligence | |||
| General intelligence |
WPPSI-IV63 | 10 subtests providing 5 indices and full scale IQ | Y |
| WISC-V64 | 10 subtests providing 5 indices and full scale IQ | S | |
| Attention/executive | |||
| Attentional control | |||
| Selective attention | TEA-Ch Sky Search65 | Assessing the ability to selectively attend to and identify 20 visual targets among distractors | S |
| Sustained attention | TEA-Ch Score!65 | 10 trials assessing the ability to sustain attention by mentally counting aurally administered tones | S |
| Response inhibition |
Shape School66 | 4 conditions (each with 15 items) assessing inhibition, task-switching and working memory abilities in a shape and colour naming task | Y |
| NESPY-II Inhibition67 | 6 items assessing the ability to inhibit automatic responses in favour of novel responses while quickly and efficiently naming shapes and directions | S | |
| Cognitive flexibility/goal setting | |||
| Working memory |
From WPPSI IV63 | 2 core subtests assessing visual working memory | Y |
| From WISC-V68 | 2 core subtests assessing visual working memory and verbal working memory | S | |
| Planning | Tower of Hanoi69 | 6 items assessing set shifting, response inhibition, working memory and the ability to hold a set of rules in mind in order to reach an end-state goal | Y |
| Attentional shifting | TEA-Ch Creature Counting65 | 7 trials assessing the ability to accurately switch and redirect attention to count up/down | S |
| Academics | WIAT-II Abbreviated70 | 3 subtests assessing numerical operations, spelling and single word reading | S |
| Social cognition | |||
| Faces/emotion perception | |||
| Emotion perception | NEPSY-II Affect Recognition67 | 36 items assessing the ability to match facial expressions from photographs of children's faces | Y, S |
| Face perception | Benton Facial Recognition Test71 | 13 items assessing the ability to recognise a target face from a selection of distractors | S |
| Mentalising/theory of mind | |||
| NEPSY-II ToM67 | 21 items assessing the ability to comprehend the perspectives, intentions and beliefs of another person | Y, S | |
| Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test-Child72 | 28 items assessing the ability to determine a person’s thoughts or feelings based on a picture of only their eyes | S | |
| Faux Pas Task73 | 20 short stories assessing the ability to identify a social faux pas | S | |
| Strange Stories74 | 14 short stories assessing the ability to attribute mental states (eg, desires, beliefs or intentions) or perceive what a character knows, as well as four control comprehension stories | S | |
| Communication | |||
| Expressive language | CELF-Preschool-275 | 2 subtests assessing knowledge of grammatical rules in a sentence completion task and the ability to name objects, people and activities | Y |
| CELF-4 Formulated Sentences76 | 28 items assessing the ability to formulate semantically and grammatically correct spoken sentences using given words (eg, car), based on an illustration | S | |
| Receptive language | CELF-Preschool-275 | 22 items assessing the ability to interpret spoken sentences of increasing length and complexity | Y |
| NEPSY-II Comprehension of Instructions67 | 33 items assessing the ability to comprehend and follow multistep instructions of increasing complexity | S | |
CELF, clinical evaluation of language fundamentals; NEPSY, a developmental neuropsychological assessment; S, school age cohort; TEA-Ch, test of everyday attention for children; ToM, theory of mind; WIAT-II, Wechsler individual achievement test, 2nd edition; WISC-V, Wechsler intelligence scale for children, 5th edition; WPPSI IV, Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence, 4th edition; Y, young cohort.