Table 1.
Per cent distribution of selected characteristics among overweight adult women aged 19+ years in Indonesia over time (1993-2014)
| 1993*† | 1997*† | 2000*† | 2007*† | 2014*† | ||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| 19–29 | 97 | 18.9 | 248 | 18.7 | 423 | 14.7 | 848 | 15.6 | 1197 | 10.9 |
| 30–39 | 253 | 38.1 | 531 | 32.6 | 728 | 30.5 | 1167 | 24.8 | 1937 | 19.6 |
| 40–49 | 178 | 25.4 | 473 | 27.0 | 699 | 29.9 | 1044 | 31.1 | 1511 | 31.9 |
| 50–59 | 97 | 14.3 | 255 | 13.2 | 342 | 15.4 | 618 | 17.6 | 996 | 24.4 |
| ≥60 | 24 | 3.3 | 169 | 8.6 | 254 | 9.6 | 389 | 10.9 | 551 | 13.2 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| No education | 39 | 7.3 | 225 | 14.5 | 276 | 11.2 | 279 | 9.1 | 263 | 6.9 |
| Primary | 415 | 66.7 | 832 | 61.7 | 1232 | 54.6 | 1702 | 53.7 | 2198 | 50.4 |
| Junior or senior | 152 | 20.3 | 308 | 19.4 | 711 | 27.0 | 1109 | 28.6 | 2077 | 32.8 |
| University | 43 | 5.7 | 69 | 4.4 | 172 | 7.2 | 335 | 8.6 | 623 | 9.9 |
| Parity‡ | ||||||||||
| ≤2 | 16 | 15.2 | 20 | 43.1 | 71 | 20.1 | 56 | 20.1 | 428 | 35.8 |
| 3–4 | 19 | 17.7 | 8 | 14.2 | 72 | 18.4 | 76 | 24.9 | 230 | 29.9 |
| ≥5 | 84 | 67.1 | 20 | 42.7 | 254 | 61.5 | 191 | 55.0 | 306 | 34.4 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||||
| Non-smoker | 614 | 96.7 | 1553 | 95.6 | 2311 | 96.1 | 3889 | 97.5 | 6027 | 97.4 |
| Smoker | 25 | 3.3 | 73 | 4.4 | 99 | 3.9 | 101 | 2.5 | 134 | 2.6 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Never married | 10 | 2.8 | 85 | 5.0 | 146 | 4.8 | 237 | 4.9 | 291 | 3.1 |
| Married | 582 | 89.1 | 1336 | 82.7 | 1926 | 80.4 | 3298 | 81.9 | 5185 | 81.7 |
| Other | 49 | 8.1 | 220 | 12.3 | 351 | 14.8 | 475 | 13.2 | 714 | 15.2 |
| Employment | ||||||||||
| Not working | 362 | 57.0 | 803 | 50.8 | 969 | 39.8 | 1527 | 37.6 | 2178 | 35.2 |
| Agriculture | 27 | 5.5 | 135 | 8.8 | 260 | 11.6 | 517 | 14.5 | 816 | 15.6 |
| Skilled manual§ | 44 | 6.2 | 141 | 9.3 | 201 | 9.3 | 315 | 8.2 | 479 | 8.4 |
| Skilled¶ | 202 | 31.3 | 545 | 31.1 | 956 | 39.2 | 1616 | 39.7 | 2618 | 40.8 |
| Residence | ||||||||||
| Rural | 150 | 33.4 | 583 | 43.0 | 893 | 41.5 | 1604 | 47.3 | 2286 | 46.0 |
| Urban | 499 | 66.6 | 1093 | 57.0 | 1553 | 58.5 | 2462 | 52.7 | 3906 | 54.0 |
| Wealth | ||||||||||
| Lowest | 81 | 14.4 | 238 | 17.3 | 323 | 15.2 | 603 | 16.3 | 1095 | 23.0 |
| Second | 64 | 10.3 | 233 | 16.9 | 388 | 19.5 | 875 | 27.6 | 1087 | 22.7 |
| Middle | 163 | 21.0 | 312 | 23.4 | 430 | 20.9 | 521 | 15.8 | 781 | 17.3 |
| Fourth | 203 | 24.9 | 270 | 19.9 | 426 | 20.8 | 679 | 20.4 | 894 | 18.7 |
| Highest | 645 | 29.4 | 330 | 22.5 | 475 | 23.5 | 645 | 19.9 | 848 | 18.3 |
| Family size | ||||||||||
| ≤4 | 249 | 40.2 | 533 | 33.3 | 1161 | 48.8 | 1274 | 30.2 | 3898 | 65.3 |
| >4 | 400 | 59.8 | 1143 | 66.7 | 1285 | 51.2 | 2792 | 69.8 | 2294 | 34.7 |
| Province | ||||||||||
| Bali | 78 | 18.6 | 213 | 13.0 | 305 | 14.0 | 522 | 16.8 | 774 | 17.0 |
| Central Java | 107 | 26.0 | 243 | 22.7 | 369 | 24.2 | 576 | 24.3 | 885 | 25.1 |
| West Java | 92 | 20.4 | 272 | 23.5 | 416 | 25.6 | 606 | 19.4 | 955 | 19.8 |
| Other | 372 | 36.7 | 948 | 46.8 | 1353 | 40.2 | 2171 | 42.1 | 3232 | 40.8 |
| Food expenditures** | ||||||||||
| Rice | ||||||||||
| Lowest | 186 | 49.5 | 880 | 53.1 | 1242 | 51.6 | 2114 | 53.2 | 3137 | 53.0 |
| Highest | 205 | 50.5 | 790 | 46.9 | 1198 | 48.4 | 1951 | 46.8 | 3051 | 47.0 |
| Cooking oil | ||||||||||
| Lowest | 198 | 42.5 | 786 | 49.3 | 1174 | 48.6 | 1827 | 45.4 | 3562 | 58.6 |
| Highest | 340 | 57.5 | 882 | 50.7 | 1266 | 51.4 | 2238 | 54.6 | 2625 | 41.4 |
*Overweight is defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Percentages are weighted to be representative of the population of Indonesia in the given survey year.
†Excludes women who are currently pregnant.
‡Parity is only queried among ever-married women.
§Skilled manual labour combines the following employment sectors: mining, manufacturing, electric, gas, water maintenance and construction.
¶Skilled labour combines the following employment sectors: retail and service, transportation.
**Represents the household level expenditure on each item as a percentage of the households’ total expenditures on food.