Table 2.

Per cent distribution of selected characteristics among overweight men aged 19+ years in Indonesia over time (1993-2014)

	1993*		1997*		2000*		2007*		2014*
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age (years)
19–29	27	7.3	88	13.4	224	14.1	419	15.6	573	16.5
30–39	117	34.3	196	30.7	356	28.7	698	24.6	1048	21.7
40–49	121	33.4	215	32.0	336	31.8	549	30.6	885	25.4
50–59	52	14.4	123	16.1	184	17.2	326	20.7	514	25.0
≥60	35	10.6	62	7.8	99	8.2	164	8.5	262	11.4
Education
No education	6	2.0	24	3.8	32	2.5	32	1.8	39	1.8
Primary	153	44.6	227	40.8	385	34.2	553	34.5	725	32.4
Junior or senior	124	37.9	210	35.6	519	43.0	805	42.6	1288	45.0
University	68	15.5	112	19.8	247	20.3	386	21.1	612	20.8
Smoking status
Non-smoker	163	44.9	289	41.3	527	44.8	897	43.6	1481	46.5
Smoker	181	55.1	371	58.7	651	55.2	1212	56.4	1779	53.5
Marital status
Never married	4	3.0	54	8.2	131	8.6	218	8.9	353	9.6
Married	342	96.8	605	90.4	1031	89.7	1850	88.2	2833	87.1
Other	1	0.2	11	1.4	22	1.7	56	2.9	95	3.3
Employment
Not working	34	12.4	70	9.8	84	7.4	165	8.7	248	8.7
Agriculture	27	9.9	100	15.2	179	15.8	328	16.1	500	16.7
Skilled manual†	87	25.8	123	19.7	199	17.5	377	17.7	598	18.8
Skilled labour‡	185	51.9	366	55.4	687	59.4	1231	57.6	1874	55.9
Residence
Rural	73	33.5	211	35.7	381	36.0	717	39.0	987	37.4
Urban	279	66.5	473	64.3	818	64.0	1439	61.0	2294	62.6
Wealth
Lowest	22	7.3	82	11.8	130	10.9	324	15.6	547	19.9
Second	26	6.7	88	14.1	166	16.1	460	23.9	562	20.1
Middle	61	18.7	135	22.5	214	19.4	304	15.5	445	17.0
Fourth	72	20.6	118	19.7	267	23.8	418	22.1	554	19.9
Highest	169	46.6	205	31.9	315	29.8	418	22.9	661	23.1
Family size
≤4	128	36.9	218	32.7	579	50.0	712	30.9	2061	63.9
>4	224	63.1	466	67.3	620	50.0	1444	69.1	1220	36.1
Province
Bali	38	16.5	70	9.7	116	10.8	227	14.4	369	14.0
Central Java	58	29.6	88	20.3	162	22.6	289	23.2	457	24.2
West Java	38	17.2	100	23.2	195	26.4	308	20.3	433	21.0
Other	141	36.7	313	46.8	540	40.2	980	42.1	1531	40.8
Food expenditures§
Rice
Lowest	83	43.0	365	53.5	627	52.0	1135	53.5	1709	54.5
Highest	103	57.0	314	46.5	564	48.0	1016	46.5	1561	45.5
Cooking oil
Lowest	89	34.5	290	43.6	525	45.2	936	42.8	1811	56.6
Highest	203	65.5	388	56.4	665	54.8	1215	57.2	1459	43.4

*Overweight is defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m². Percentages are weighted to be representative of the population of Indonesia in the given survey year.

†Skilled manual labour combines the following employment sectors: mining, manufacturing, electric, gas, water maintenance and construction.

‡Skilled labour combines the following employment sectors: retail and service, transportation.

§Represents the household level expenditure on each item as a percentage of the households’ total expenditures on food.