Table 1.
Distribution of relevant demographic and clinical characteristics among included bladder cancer cases and controls nested within the Women’s Health Initiative.
| Cases | Controls | |
|---|---|---|
| Smoking status (N, %) | ||
| Never smoker | 153 (74%) | 233 (93%) |
| Current smoker | 53 (26%) | 18 (7%) |
| Mediators, M-values (mean, SD) | ||
| cg03636183 | 1.38 (0.54) | 1.49 (0.36) |
| cg05575921 | 3.20 (1.36) | 3.83 (0.84) |
| cg19859270 | 3.62 (0.49) | 3.79 (0.28) |
| WHI arm (N, %) | ||
| OS | 108 (52%) | 131 (52%) |
| CT: HRT and DM | 14 (7%) | 16 (6%) |
| CT: HRT only | 26 (13%) | 29 (12%) |
| CT: DM only | 58 (28%) | 75 (30%) |
| Age, years (N, %) | ||
| < 50–59 | 58 (28%) | 57 (23%) |
| 60–69 | 85 (41%) | 116 (46%) |
| 70–79+ | 63 (31%) | 78 (31%) |
| Year of enrollment (N, %) | ||
| 1994–1995 | 50 (24%) | 61 (24%) |
| 1996 | 74 (36%) | 79 (32%) |
| 1997 | 50 (24%) | 65 (26%) |
| 1998 | 32 (16%) | 46 (18%) |
| Follow-up time, years (mean, SD) | 13.29 (3.89) | 14.05 (3.29) |
| DNA extraction method (N, %) | ||
| 5-prime | 197 (96%) | 240 (96%) |
| Phenol | 9 (4%) | 11 (4%) |
| Race (N, %) | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 3 (2%) | 10 (4%) |
| Black/African American | 12 (6%) | 25 (10%) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 4 (2%) | 13 (5%) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 186 (90%) | 196 (78%) |
| Other | 1 (<1%) | 7 (3%) |
| Education (N, %) | ||
| < High school | 9 (4%) | 12 (5%) |
| High school | 39 (19%) | 60 (24%) |
| Post-high school training | 76 (37%) | 89 (35%) |
| College degree | 23 (11%) | 28 (11%) |
| Post-college training | 59 (29%) | 62 (25%) |
Abbreviations: OS = observational study; CT = clinical trials; HRT = hormone therapy clinical trial; DM = dietary modification clinical trial