Figure 1. A schematic treatment of IRI using ceria NPs and their ROS scavenging performance.

a Schematic illustration of preventing IRI by ceria NPs. TEM images of ceria NPs before (b) and after PEGlyation (c). Scale bar inset: 5 nm. d. ESR spectra of the different group using DMPO as a spin trap agent. e. Raman spectra of ceria NPs reacting with H₂O₂ at varied time points within 45 min in each cycle. ROS scavenging activity of ceria NPs mimics catalase (CAT, f), SOD (h) and eliminate •OH (g). In f-h, data represent means ± s.d. from four independent replicates.