Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the study population
| All patients (n=69) |
Non-recovery (n=40) |
Recovery (n=29) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 60.2 (15.5) | 64.6 (14.2) | 54.1 (15.5) | 0.008 |
| Female gender (%) | 26 (37.7%) | 15 (37.5%) | 11 (37.9%) | >0.99 |
| White race (%) | 54 (78.3%) | 30 (75.0%) | 24 (82.8%) | 0.56 |
| Serum creatinine prior to randomization (mg/dl) | 4.1 (1.6) | 3.9 (1.5) | 4.3 (1.8) | 0.43 |
| Baseline serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.83 |
| CKD-EPI Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 17 (8.9) | 17.2 (9.3) | 16.6 (8.5) | 0.78 |
| BUN at admission (mg/dl) | 36.2 (27.1) | 40.7 (31.4) | 30.1 (18.7) | 0.28 |
| Causes of acute kidney injury | ||||
| ischemia (%) | 58 (84.1%) | 36 (90.0%) | 22 (75.9%) | 0.19 |
| nephrotoxins (%) | 16 (23.3%) | 7 (17.5%) | 9 (31%) | 0.25 |
| sepsis (%) | 41 (59.4%) | 22 (55%) | 19 (65.5%) | 0.46 |
| multifactorial causes (%) | 47 (69.1%) | 27 (69.2%) | 20 (69%) | >0.99 |
| APACHE II score a | 24.9 (7.1) | 25.6 (6.9) | 23.8 (7.5) | 0.39 |
| Non-renal SOFA organ-system score b | ||||
| respiratory | 2.3 (1) | 2.2 (1.0) | 2.4 (0.9) | 0.49 |
| coagulation | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.4 (1.2) | 0.84 |
| liver | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.1) | 0.42 |
| cardiovascular | 2.4 (1.7) | 2.6 (1.7) | 2.2 (1.7) | 0.36 |
| central nervous system | 2.4 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.4) | 2.6 (1.4) | 0.33 |
| total | 14.4 (3.5) | 14.7 (3.3) | 13.9 (3.8) | 0.42 |
| Cleveland Clinic ICU ARF score c | 11.5 (3.2) | 11.5 (3.2) | 11.5 (3.1) | 0.95 |
| Intensive strategy (%)d | 33 (47.8%) | 18 (45%) | 15 (51.7%) | 0.62 |
| Length of ICU stay before randomization (days) | 6.5 (9.2) | 7.9 (11.6) | 4.5 (3.2) | 0.08 |
| Hospital length of stay before randomization (days) | 10.3 (11.6) | 12.4 (13.8) | 7.5 (6.6) | 0.13 |
| Charlson comorbidity index e | 2.5 (2.2) | 2.6 (2) | 2.4 (2.4) | 0.53 |
| Mechanical ventilation (%) | 60 (87%) | 35 (85.7%) | 25 (86.2%) | >0.99 |
| Severe sepsis (%) | 45 (65.2%) | 25 (62.5%) | 20 (69%) | 0.62 |
Data presented as mean (SD). BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ICU intensive care unit; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; ARF acute renal failure.
a
According to the method of Knaus et al.[13]
b
Non-renal SOFA score was assessed on the first day[14]
c
According to the method of Thakar et al.[15]
d
Intensive strategy: intermittent hemodialysis and sustained low-efficiency dialysis six times per week, and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration at 35 ml per kilogram of body weight per hour[11]
e
According to the method of Charlson et al.[16]