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. 2019 Oct 1;9:12618. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48772-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Tissue-sparing effect of micro-slit radiation in spermatogenesis. (a) Immunohistochemical images of ex vivo testes culture tissues 1 h after 10 Gy 200 μm-slit X-ray microbeam irradiation. Staining for γ-H2AX, Anti-GENA (anti-germ cell-specific antigen antibody), and Hoechst (for DNA) is shown as red, green, and blue, respectively. Scale bars, 500 μm. (b) Representative images show Acr-GFP expression changes in single cultures following 0 Gy (control), 5 Gy micro-slit (50%), and 2.5 Gy uniform (100%) X-ray irradiation, from 14 to 22 days postpartum (dpp). Scale bars, 500 μm. (c) Chronological changes in Acr-GFP expression after the micro-slit and the uniform X-ray irradiation. A minimum of three tissue samples each from different donor mice were used for each experiment. Data represent the mean GFP expression ± SD. Asterisk indicates P < 0.01.