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. 2019 Oct 1;9:14072. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50489-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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XAF1 plays important role in adaptive TMZ resistance GBM cells independent of MGMT expression. (a) Protein expression of MGMT and XAF1 in U251, U87, U138, T98G control and resistant cells. Specific antibodies as indicated. (b) MGMT and XAF1 mRNA expression analyzed by real time PCR in U251, U87, U138, T98G control and resistant cells (n = 3, p < 0.05 or no significant difference). BLQ, below limit quantification. (c) MGMT mRNA expression level analyzed by real time PCR with U251 & T98G control and TMZ resistance cells, 3 dosages of TMZ resistance were used. (d) XAF1 mRNA expression level analyzed by real time PCR with U251 & T98G control and TMZ resistant cells, 3 dosages of TMZ resistance were used. Error bar represent the mean ± SD; n = 3, with significance *p < 0.05 by Student’s t-test.