Table 2.
Complications reported
| Before 1980 | 1980–1989 | 1990–1999 | 2000–2009 | 2010–2019 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients (studies) | 504 (4) | 1981 (9) | 291 (4) | 890 (6) | 880 (9) | 4546 (32) |
| 1. Complicated access | 0.4% | 1.0% | 2.1% | 2.8% | 4.2% | 2.0% |
| Minor bleed access site | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.7% | 1.0% | 0.5% |
| Arterial puncture | 0.0% | 0.7% | 1.0% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.5% |
| Brachial plexus injury | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Pneumothorax | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.7% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| Excessive bleed access site | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 2.7% | 0.7% |
| 2. Cardiac perforation | 2.0% | 1.8% | 0.5% | 2.1% | 0.7% | 1.6% |
| 3. Device complications | 21.0% | 27.1% | 25.1% | 14.7% | 12.9% | 21.1% |
| TP lead dislodgement | 11.5% | 2.6% | 14.1% | 3.1% | 3.4% | 4.6% |
| TP failure | 8.6% | 13.3% | 0.7% | 6.2% | 7.7% | 9.5% |
| Multiple attempts | 0.3% | 0.0% | 10.3% | 5.4% | 0.9% | 1.9% |
| Re-intervention | 0.6% | 11.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.9% | 5.1% |
| 4. Infections | 2.8% | 5.7% | 5.2% | 5.0% | 3.6% | 4.8% |
| Fever (>38 °C) | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 1.2% | 0.0% | 0.4% |
| Phlebitis | 1.4% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.8% |
| Local wound infection | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.5% | 2.4% | 1.3% |
| Sepsis or systemic infection | 0.2% | 0.2% | 4.2% | 2.1% | 0.9% | 1.0% |
| Pericarditis | 0.0% | 2.8% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 1.3% |
| 5. Arrhythmia | 4.0% | 10.2% | 5.5% | 1.9% | 0.5% | 5.7% |
| VT during insertion | 3.0% | 3.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.7% |
| Arrhythmias | 1.0% | 7.2% | 5.5% | 1.9% | 0.5% | 4.0% |
| 6. Thrombotic event | 0.4% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.3% |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| Pulmonary embolism | 0.4% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| 7. Death due to TP | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.7% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| 8. Other complications | 0.2% | 1.6% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 0.3% | 1.0% |
| Total | 31.2% | 47.6% | 39.5% | 28.1% | 22.9% | 36.7% |
TP temporary pacing, VT ventricular tachycardia