Table 3.

Complication and mortality rates per study

Year of publication	First author	Number of cases	Complication rate	Serious complication rate	Mortality
1967	Tancredi [5]	91	35.3%	6.6%	2.2%
1971	Javier [17]	200	5.0%	0.0%	0.0%
1973	Lumia[18]	113	94.2%	9.3%	1.8%
1973	Weinstein [19]	100	8.0%	2.0%	29.0%
1981	Lang [20]	44	52.4%	0.0%	N/A
1982	Austin [8]	100	85.0%	12.4%	4.0%
1983	Hynes [21]	1022	46.9%	22.7%	17.6%
1983	Papasteriadis [22]	42	7.2%	0.0%	N/A
1983	Paterson [23]	117	22.0%	0.8%	N/A
1985	Chin [24]	111	81.9%	3.6%	15.3%
1987	Abinader [25]	339	37.9%	0.9%	N/A
1987	Seng [26]	44	2.3%	2.3%	50%
1989	Jowett [27]	162	19.6%	1.8%	32.3%
1993	Liu [28]	53	56.6%	1.9%	N/A
1993	Rashid [29]	50	10.0%	4.0%	30.0%
1996	Murphy [30]	168	44.5%	6.0%	34.0%
1997	Ferguson [31]	20	15.0%	5.0%	N/A
2003	Betts [32]	111	64.8%	11.7%	N/A
2003	De Cock A [33]	42	26.3%	0.0%	N/A
2003	De Cock B [34]	36	44.4%	0.0%	N/A
2004	Ayerbe [35]	530	22.6%	4.8%	6.4%
2004	Birkhahn [36]	117	21.2%	7.4%	23.1%
2007	Sodeck [37]	54	5.6%	3.7%	N/A
2010	Garcia [38]	47	23.5%	6.4%	N/A
2011	Bono [39]	182	39.0%	13.8%	2.7%
2012	Deftereos [40]	25	12.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2012	Björnstad [41]	50	51.8%	5.7%	16.0%
2013	Pinneri [42]	106	24.4%	6.5%	N/A
2014	Palmisano [43]	79	11.4%	0.0%	2.5%
2015	Shah [44]	122	0.8%	0.0%	N/A
2016	Ferri [45]	203	21.3%	2.0%	N/A
2018	El Nasasra [46]	66	9.0%	4.5%	N/A