Figure 1.

The regulation and synthesis of glycogen in E. coli. ADP-Glc PPase regulates the production of glycogen in bacteria. ADP-Glc PPase catalyzes the reaction between Glc1P and ATP in the presence of Mg²⁺, forming ADP-Glc and PPi. This reaction takes place under physiological conditions; however, the reaction is reversible in vitro. ADP-Glc PPase is activated by FBP and inhibited by AMP. The production of ADP-Glc leads to the synthesis of a linear α-1,4 glucan molecule by glycogen synthase, which is then branched with an α-1,6 linkage by the branching enzyme.