Table 1.

Summary of biosensor configurations, mechanisms, and performances.

SC	Additional species	Analyte	Detection mechanism	Detection method	Sensitivity (μA mM−1 cm−2)	LOD/Linear range (μM)	References
1	GOx, AuNPs	Glucose	Mode-2, enzymatic	CA	NR	50.0/100–2,500	Azak et al., 2016
2	GOx, AuNPs	Glucose	Mode-2, enzymatic	CA	NR	0.0986/50–1,000	Azak et al., 2016
3	GOx	Glucose	Mode-2, enzymatic	CV	NR	0.348/50–900	Azak et al., 2018
4	GOx	Glucose	Mode-2, enzymatic	AM	NR	22/45–50,000	Cevik et al., 2019
4	G. oxydans	Glucose	Mode-2, bacterial	AM	NR	81/190–50,000	Cevik et al., 2019
5	GOx	Glucose	Mode-2, enzymatic	AM	105.12	2.88/25–1,000	Buber et al., 2018
6	GOx	Glucose	Mode-2, enzymatic	AM	65.44	12.8/5–700	Soylemez et al., 2019
7	—	Dopamine	Mode-1	EIS	NR	0.3/7.8–125	Dervisevic et al., 2017a
7	—	Sialic acid (AGS cells)	Mode-1	EIS	NR	10/10–106 d	Dervisevic et al., 2017b
8	Acetylcholinesterase/ choline oxidase, AuNPs	Acetylcholine	Mode-2, enzymatic	CA	NR	0.6/0.7–1,500	Akhtar et al., 2017
9	Anti-IL-1β antibodies	Interleukin 1β	Mode-2, immunosensor	EIS	NR	3 × 10−6/1 × 10−5–0.003c	Aydin et al., 2018
10	GOx	Glucose	Mode-2, enzymatic	CA/EIS	NR	10/10–10,000	Savva et al., 2019
10	Lactate oxidase	Lactate	Mode-2, enzymatic	CA	NR	10/10–1,000	Pappa et al., 2018
11a	—	Sodium ions	Mode-1	CA/CV/SS	37a	20/10–106	Wustoni et al., 2019
11b	—	Potassium ions	Mode-1	CA/CV/SS	49a	100/100–106	Wustoni et al., 2019
12	GDH, NAD+	Glucose	Mode-2, enzymatic	AM	NR	4.0/10–1,000	Dilgin et al., 2018
12	—	Creatine	Mode-1	DPV	0.133b	0.2/0.5–900c	Pandey et al., 2018

SC, Semiconductor; GOx, glucose oxidase; AuNPs, gold nanoparticles; GDH, glucose dehydrogenase; NAD⁺, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; SCNs, single-walled carbon nanotubes; CA, chronoamperometry; CV, cyclic voltammetry; AM, amperometry; EIS, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; DPV, differential pulse voltammetry; SS, steady-state OECT measurements; NR, not reported.

^aUnits are μA decade⁻¹.

^bUnits are μA ng mL⁻¹.

^cUnits are ng mL⁻¹.

^dUnits are cells mL⁻¹.