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. 2019 Sep 25;10:1212. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01212

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Copyright © 2019 Martinez-Mateu, Saiz and Aromolaran.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Electrical properties of guinea pig atrial myocytes and ex vivo hearts. (A) Examples of AP waveforms measured in right atrial myocytes isolated from LFD- (A) or HFD-fed (B) guinea pigs, or exposed to exogenous PA (1 mM, ≥1 h, C). HFD and PA pre-treated myocytes had a shortened action potential in line with the previous finding (Aromolaran et al., 2016). (D) Typical spontaneous beats with early delayed afterdepolarizations (EAD)-like activity measured in right atrial myocytes from HFD-fed guinea pigs. (E) Exemplar delayed repolarization with irregular and spontaneous beats in atrial myocytes pretreated with PA. Compared to control myocytes isolated from LFD-fed guinea pigs (F, white column), untreated (G, gold column) or pre-treated with OA (G, light gray column), the incidence of spontaneous beats is significantly greater in HFD (F, black column) and PA-treated myocytes (G, dark gray column). (H) Induction of arrhythmogenesis in right atria of isolated Langendorff perfused hearts from LFD- (left panel) and HFD-fed (right panel) guinea pigs. With rapid right atrial pacing (burst, rectangular pulses 10 ms, 1 V in amplitude with pulse-pulse duration ranging between 20 and 250 ms). Expanded view of atria electrical activities revealed sinus rhythm with LFD (left panel, bottom traces) and uncoordinated atrial activities in HFD-fed guinea pigs (right panel, bottom traces) consistent with AF. Data were generated from six different guinea pig cardiomyocyte preparations.